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Las Instituciones Colombianas en el Siglo XX

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  • Salomón Kalmanovitz

Abstract

¿Por qué hablar de las instituciones colombianas si ellas se suponen bien conocidas? Porque en nuestro medio se conocen sólo por sus rasgos legales, descriptivos, y no por las relaciones que ellas tienen con el desarrollo económico. Estas relaciones son el foco del neoinstitucionalismo, una corriente de pensamiento económico, social y político que está demostrando importantes resultados. Según esta corriente, las instituciones son las reglas de juego de una sociedad: encausan el desarrollo económico pero son también un resultado histórico o “dependen del pasado”. Las instituciones están influidas por las ideologías legales y religiosas que dan lugar a una ética pública, por la evolución de una estructura social y familiar que internaliza esa forma de comportamiento y por el desarrollo de unos mercados. En el caso colombiano podemos observar que surgen de procesos conflictivos de constitución de la nación en los cuales el Estado no ha logrado el monopolio de la violencia ni de la fiscalidad, que en la concepción de Norbert Elías son condiciones necesarias para la constitución del estado moderno.2 Las instituciones no se auto-validan, o sea que los compromisos públicos o la misma ley no siempre se cumplen porque no hay suficientes balances y contrablances entre los distintos poderes públicos.3 Una peculiaridad de las instituciones colombianas que reflejan el proceso incompleto de construcción del Estado es que muchos de los agentes no cumplen las reglas contenidas en ellas. La ley se acata pero no se cumple, el crimen no se castiga, el contrabando se tolera y las luces de los semáforos son interpretadas arbitrariamente por los conductores. Este siglo que expira pronto podría constituir un punto de inflexión histórico, como lo fuera el fin del siglo pasado que culminaba e iniciaba un nuevo era con la cruenta guerra civil que se extendería hasta 1902 y que nos entregó un país sin su más rica provincia de Panamá. Culminada esta, sin embargo, se generó un cambio estructur
(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

Suggested Citation

  • Salomón Kalmanovitz, 1999. "Las Instituciones Colombianas en el Siglo XX," Borradores de Economia 131, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:131
    DOI: 10.32468/be.131
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jaime Jaramillo U. & Adolfo Meisel R. & Miguel Urrutia, 1997. "Continuities and Discontinuities in the Fiscal and Monetary Institutions of New Granada 1783-1850," Borradores de Economia 2197, Banco de la Republica.
    2. Robert E. Hall & Charles I. Jones, 1999. "Why do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output Per Worker than Others?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 114(1), pages 83-116.
    3. E. F. Shawyer, 1998. "Editorial," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(2), pages 105-105, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Juan Esteban Vélez Villegas, 2009. "Los procesos de aglomeración en Colombia a la luz de la nueva geografía económica," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, vol. 27(58), pages 106-139, August.
    2. William Orlando Prieto Bustos & Joan Miguel Tejedor Estupiñán, 2019. "Eficiencia Técnica de las Instituciones Públicas Locales en Colombia," Revista de Estudios Regionales, Universidades Públicas de Andalucía, vol. 2, pages 15-41.
    3. Carolina Esguerra Roa, 2001. "Las instituciones Colombianas en el siglo XX de Salomón Kalmanovitz," Revista de Economía Institucional, Universidad Externado de Colombia - Facultad de Economía, vol. 3(5), pages 249-257, July-Dece.

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