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¿Cuánto tributan efectivamente el consumo, el trabajo y el capital en Colombia? Cálculos con las Cuentas Nacionales base 2015

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  • Hernán Rincón-Castro

Abstract

A partir de un análisis que no es contable ni financiero sino económico, Rincón-Castro y Delgado-Rojas (2017) calculan para Colombia las tasas efectivas promedio de tributación sobre el consumo y los factores de producción trabajo y capital para el período comprendido entre 1994 y 2016. Para su estudio los autores utilizan las Cuentas Nacionales del DANE bases 1994 y 2005. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar los mismos cálculos y con la misma metodología para el período 2005-2019, pero con las Cuentas Nacionales base 2015. Los resultados indican que el cambio de base produjo una reducción sustancial de las tasas efectivas del trabajo y del capital. Por ejemplo, para 2016, la tasa efectiva promedio del trabajo se redujo en 3 puntos porcentuales y del capital en 6 puntos porcentuales. ¿Cuál es la explicación? Los cambios de las bases tributarias que introdujo la nueva base de la contabilidad nacional, ya que la metodología de cálculo, las definiciones de las tasas, los parámetros y los supuestos no cambian. Entre 2017 y 2019 se suman los efectos de las leyes de reforma tributaria 819 de 2016 y 1943 de 2018. Los cálculos para 2019 indican que la tasa efectiva promedio de tributación del consumo es 12,7%, del trabajo es 18% y del capital es 15%. La desagregación de la tasa del trabajo muestra que la tasa de los salarios es 2,3%, de la nómina es 2,7% y de la seguridad social es 13%. La desagregación de la tasa del capital muestra que la de los hogares, quienes son los dueños del capital, es 3,8%, mientras que la de las sociedades es 21,1%. Así, los impuestos en Colombia no son efectivamente tan altos, pero tampoco tan bajos ni tan bien repartidos. **** ABSTRACT: From an analysis that is neither accounting nor financial but economic, Rincón-Castro and Delgado-Rojas (2017) calculate for Colombia the average effective rates of taxation on consumption and the factors of production labor and capital, for the period between 1994 and 2016. They use the National Accounts of DANE bases 1994 and 2005. The objective of this study is to perform the same calculations and with the same methodology for the period 2005-2019, but with the National Accounts base 2015. The results indicate that the change in the base produced a substantial reduction in the effective rates on labor and capital. For example, for 2016, the average effective rate on labor decreased by 3 percentage points and on equity by 6 percentage points. What is the explanation? The changes in the tax bases introduced by the new national accounting base, since the calculation methodology, the definitions of the rates, the parameters and the assumptions do not change. Between 2017 and 2019, the effects of the tax reform law 819 of 2016 and 1943 of 2018 are added. The calculations for 2019 indicate that the average effective tax rate on consumption is 12.7%, on work it is 18% and on capital it is 15%. The breakdown of the rate on work shows that on wages is 2.3%, that of payroll 2.7% and social security 13%. The breakdown of the capital rate shows that, that of households, who are the owners of capital, is 3.8%, while that of corporations is 21.1%. Thus, taxes in Colombia are not actually as high, but neither are they as low or as well distributed.

Suggested Citation

  • Hernán Rincón-Castro, 2021. "¿Cuánto tributan efectivamente el consumo, el trabajo y el capital en Colombia? Cálculos con las Cuentas Nacionales base 2015," Borradores de Economia 1161, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1161
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.32468/be.1161
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mendoza, Enrique G. & Razin, Assaf & Tesar, Linda L., 1994. "Effective tax rates in macroeconomics: Cross-country estimates of tax rates on factor incomes and consumption," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 297-323, December.
    2. Hernán Rincón-Castro & Martha Elena Delgado-Rojas, 2017. "¿Cuánto tributan efectivamente el consumo, el trabajo y el capital en Colombia?," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 47(1 y 2), pages 97-135, December.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Tasas efectivas promedio de tributación; consumo; trabajo; capital; resto de ingresos; Average effective tax rates; consumption; labor; capital; rest of incomes;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • H22 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Incidence
    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
    • H25 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Business Taxes and Subsidies

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