The prodigal atom: an analysis on the potential comeback of nuclear power in Italy

The debate about the possibility of reintroducing nuclear power into the national energy mix has recently been reopened. This paper builds on the study by Faiella and Lavecchia (2012), offering further points for reflection, particularly in light of recent changes. It aims to assess the potential consequences of a nuclear comeback on electricity prices, energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions. The analysis shows that, given the current market structure and the composition of electricity bills, reintroducing nuclear power would not have a significant impact on price levels. However, it could reduce its volatility, helping to stabilize electricity expenditure for long-term contract subscribers. In terms of energy dependence, the reduction in hydrocarbon imports would be offset by the increased import of the technology and fuel required for nuclear production. These resources are currently concentrated in countries with a high level of geopolitical risk. The reintroduction of nuclear power would contribute significantly to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The analysis also shows that there are still some uncertainties around the selected technologies, as most of them are not yet commercially viable. These uncertainties highlight the need to develop and promote alternative strategies.