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A "Beyond-GDP" approach to fair and sustainable well-being: integrating regional and gender perspectives

Author

Listed:
  • Michele Mariani

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Alessandro Pietropaoli

    (Bank of Italy)

  • Tommaso Rughi

    (University of Bologna)

Abstract

This paper investigates the complex nexus between multidimensional well-being and gender equality across Italian regions (2018-2023). We propose a dual analytical framework by constructing two distinct composite indicators from the Istat "equitable and sustainable well-being" (Benessere equo e sostenibile, BES) dataset: one measuring overall regional well-being and the other reflecting gender equality after disentangling it from achievement levels. Our analysis yields three key findings. First, we find structural asymmetry: well-being follows a clear North-South divide, while gender equality is geographically fragmented. Second, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to analyse both phenomena, we identify five distinct regional groups, highlighting multiple development pathways. Third, a dynamic analysis shows that while well-being displays modest convergence, gender equality does not, indicating gender gaps are not self-correcting. This makes our dual approach essential for designing targeted, place-sensitive policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Michele Mariani & Alessandro Pietropaoli & Tommaso Rughi, 2026. "A "Beyond-GDP" approach to fair and sustainable well-being: integrating regional and gender perspectives," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 1023, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_1023_26
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • C38 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Classification Methdos; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Analysis
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • R10 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General

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