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UNISWAP: Impermanent Loss and Risk Profile of a Liquidity Provider

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  • Andreas A. Aigner
  • Gurvinder Dhaliwal

Abstract

Uniswap is a decentralized exchange (DEX) and was first launched on November 2, 2018 on the Ethereum mainnet [1] and is part of an Ecosystem of products in Decentralized Finance (DeFi). It replaces a traditional order book type of trading common on centralized exchanges (CEX) with a deterministic model that swaps currencies (or tokens/assets) along a fixed price function determined by the amount of currencies supplied by the liquidity providers. Liquidity providers can be regarded as investors in the decentralized exchange and earn fixed commissions per trade. They lock up funds in liquidity pools for distinct pairs of currencies allowing market participants to swap them using the fixed price function. Liquidity providers take on market risk as a liquidity provider in exchange for earning commissions on each trade. Here we analyze the risk profile of a liquidity provider and the so called impermanent (unrealized) loss in particular. We provide an improved version of the commonly denoted impermanent loss function for Uniswap v2 on the semi-infinite domain. The differences between Uniswap v2 and v3 are also discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Andreas A. Aigner & Gurvinder Dhaliwal, 2021. "UNISWAP: Impermanent Loss and Risk Profile of a Liquidity Provider," Papers 2106.14404, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2106.14404
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chen, Yan & Bellavitis, Cristiano, 2020. "Blockchain disruption and decentralized finance: The rise of decentralized business models," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 13(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Bertomeu, Jeremy & Martin, Xiumin & Sall, Ibrahima, 2024. "Measuring DeFi risk," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    2. Matthias Hafner & Helmut Dietl, 2024. "Impermanent Loss Conditions: An Analysis of Decentralized Exchange Platforms," Papers 2401.07689, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2024.
    3. Bruno Mazorra & Victor Adan & Vanesa Daza, 2022. "Do not rug on me: Zero-dimensional Scam Detection," Papers 2201.07220, arXiv.org.
    4. Niccol`o Bardoscia & Alessandro Nodari, 2023. "Liquidity Providers Greeks and Impermanent Gain," Papers 2302.11942, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
    5. Neelesh Tiruviluamala & Alexander Port & Erik Lewis, 2022. "A General Framework for Impermanent Loss in Automated Market Makers," Papers 2203.11352, arXiv.org.
    6. Thomas N. Cintra & Maxwell P. Holloway, 2023. "Detecting Depegs: Towards Safer Passive Liquidity Provision on Curve Finance," Papers 2306.10612, arXiv.org.
    7. Bruno Mazorra & Victor Adan & Vanesa Daza, 2022. "Do Not Rug on Me: Leveraging Machine Learning Techniques for Automated Scam Detection," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-24, March.
    8. Jun Deng & Hua Zong & Yun Wang, 2022. "Static Replication of Impermanent Loss for Concentrated Liquidity Provision in Decentralised Markets," Papers 2205.12043, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
    9. Tobias Bitterli & Fabian Schar, 2023. "Decentralized Exchanges: The Profitability Frontier of Constant Product Market Makers," Papers 2302.05219, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.

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