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Volatility of Power Grids under Real-Time Pricing

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  • Mardavij Roozbehani
  • Munther A Dahleh
  • Sanjoy K Mitter

Abstract

The paper proposes a framework for modeling and analysis of the dynamics of supply, demand, and clearing prices in power system with real-time retail pricing and information asymmetry. Real-time retail pricing is characterized by passing on the real-time wholesale electricity prices to the end consumers, and is shown to create a closed-loop feedback system between the physical layer and the market layer of the power system. In the absence of a carefully designed control law, such direct feedback between the two layers could increase volatility and lower the system's robustness to uncertainty in demand and generation. A new notion of generalized price-elasticity is introduced, and it is shown that price volatility can be characterized in terms of the system's maximal relative price elasticity, defined as the maximal ratio of the generalized price-elasticity of consumers to that of the producers. As this ratio increases, the system becomes more volatile, and eventually, unstable. As new demand response technologies and distributed storage increase the price-elasticity of demand, the architecture under examination is likely to lead to increased volatility and possibly instability. This highlights the need for assessing architecture systematically and in advance, in order to optimally strike the trade-offs between volatility, economic efficiency, and system reliability.

Suggested Citation

  • Mardavij Roozbehani & Munther A Dahleh & Sanjoy K Mitter, 2011. "Volatility of Power Grids under Real-Time Pricing," Papers 1106.1401, arXiv.org.
  • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1106.1401
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    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1106.1401
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. , & Meyn, Sean P., 2010. "Efficiency and marginal cost pricing in dynamic competitive markets with friction," Theoretical Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 5(2), May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Soares, N. & Martins, A.G. & Carvalho, A.L. & Caldeira, C. & Du, C. & Castanheira, É. & Rodrigues, E. & Oliveira, G. & Pereira, G.I. & Bastos, J. & Ferreira, J.P. & Ribeiro, L.A. & Figueiredo, N.C. & , 2018. "The challenging paradigm of interrelated energy systems towards a more sustainable future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 171-193.
    2. Luciano De Castro, 2011. "The Economics of the Smart Grid," Discussion Papers 1544, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.
    3. Lund, Peter D. & Lindgren, Juuso & Mikkola, Jani & Salpakari, Jyri, 2015. "Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 785-807.
    4. Zhao, Huan, 2011. "Four Market Studies for the Beef and Electric Power Industries," ISU General Staff Papers 201101010800001360, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    5. Kai Ma & Yege Bai & Jie Yang & Yangqing Yu & Qiuxia Yang, 2017. "Demand-Side Energy Management Based on Nonconvex Optimization in Smart Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-17, October.

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