Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

2021

• Michele Cantarella & Andrea Neri & Maria Giovanna Ranalli, 2021, "Mind the wealth gap: a new allocation method to match micro and macro statistics for household wealth," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2101.01085, Jan, revised Jan 2021.
• Pramod Kumar Sur & Masaru Sasaki, 2021, "The Persistent Effect of Famine on Present-Day China: Evidence from the Billionaires," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2104.00935, Apr, revised Apr 2021.
• Nickolas Gagnon & Riccardo D. Saulle & Henrik W. Zaunbrecher, 2021, "Decreasing Incomes Increase Selfishness," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2107.02888, Jul.
• Burak Can & Jens Leth Hougaard & Mohsen Pourpouneh, 2021, "On Reward Sharing in Blockchain Mining Pools," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2107.05302, Jul.
• Danial Ludwig & Victor M. Yakovenko, 2021, "Physics-inspired analysis of the two-class income distribution in the USA in 1983-2018," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2110.03140, Oct, revised Jan 2022.
• Nancy A. Daza Báez, 2021, "«Intergenerational Earnings Mobility in Mexico»," Papers, Centro de Estudios Espinosa Yglesias, number 2021_17.
• Svraka, András, 2021, "Recent trends in income inequalities in Hungary using administrative data," Taxation Working Papers, Ministry of Finance, Department of Tax Policy and International Taxation, number 8, Aug.
• Svraka, András, 2021, "Regional income inequalities and labour mobility in Hungary," Taxation Working Papers, Ministry of Finance, Department of Tax Policy and International Taxation, number 9, Aug.
• Juhee Singh Verma & Pritee Sharma, 2021, "Vulnerability of Small Farmers to High Food Prices – A Case Study of Indian Farmers," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 4, pages 74-88.
• Nicola Fuchs-Schundeln & Dirk Krueger & Andre Kurmann & Etienne Lale & Alexander Ludwig & Irina Popova, 2021, "The Fiscal and Welfare Effects of Policy Responses to the Covid-19 School Closures," Working Papers, Chair in macroeconomics and forecasting, University of Quebec in Montreal's School of Management, number 21-08, Nov.
• Audra Bowlus & Émilien Gouin-Bonenfant & Huju Liu & Lance Lochner & Youngmin Park, 2021, "Four Decades of Canadian Earnings Inequality and Dynamics Across Workers and Firms," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 21-20, Apr, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2021-20.
• Marie-Hélène Felt & Fumiko Hayashi & Joanna Stavins & Angelika Welte, 2021, "Distributional Effects of Payment Card Pricing and Merchant Cost Pass-through in Canada and the United States," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 21-8, Feb, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2021-8.
• Yiwen Chen & Paolo Guarda & Thomas Y. Mathä & Giuseppe Pulina & Michael Ziegelmeyer, 2021, "Do newer tenants pay higher rent?," BCL Bulletin Analyses, Central Bank of Luxembourg, volume 2021, pages 77-84.
• Yiwen Chen & Thomas Y. Mathä & Giuseppe Pulina & Michael Ziegelmeyer, 2021, "The Cross border Household Finance Consumption Survey: Results from the third wave," BCL working papers, Central Bank of Luxembourg, number 154, Feb.
• Darío Serrano-Puente, 2021, "Optimal progressivity of personal income tax: a general equilibrium evaluation for Spain," Working Papers, Banco de España, number 2101, Jan.
• Manuel Arellano & Stéphane Bonhomme & Micole De Vera & Laura Hospido & Siqi Wei, 2021, "Income Risk Inequality: Evidence from Spanish Administrative Records," Working Papers, Banco de España, number 2136, Sep.
• Francesca Carta & Marta De Philippis, 2021, "The impact of the COVID-19 shock on labour income inequality: evidence from Italy," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 606, Feb.
• Nicola Curci & Marco Savegnago, 2021, "A new universal child allowance in Italy: equity and efficiency concerns," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 636, Jul.
• Michele Cantarella & Andrea Neri & Giovanna Ranalli, 2021, "Mind the wealth gap: a new allocation method to match micro and macro statistics on household wealth," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 646, Oct.
• Gennaro Catapano & Francesco Franceschi & Valentina Michelangeli & Michele Loberto, 2021, "Macroprudential Policy Analysis via an Agent Based Model of the Real Estate Sector," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 1338, Jun.
• Llamosas-Rosas Irving & Rangel González Erick, 2021, "Effects of Unanticipated Income Shocks on Consumption in Mexico, 2000-2016," Working Papers, Banco de México, number 2021-09, Jul.
• Luis Armando Galvis-Aponte & Jaime Bonet-Morón & Leonardo Bonilla-Mejía & Andrea Otero-Cortés & Gerson Javier Pérez-Valbuena & Christian Posso & Diana Ricciulli-Marín, 2021, "Desigualdades del ingreso en Colombia: ¿cuáles son sus determinantes y cómo se han afectado por la pandemia del Covid-19?," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, issue 101, pages 1-53, December.
• Dennis J. Fixle & Marina Gindelsky & Robert Kornfeld, 2021, "The Feasibility of a Quarterly Distribution of Personal Income," BEA Working Papers, Bureau of Economic Analysis, number 0191, Dec.
• Christoph Gortz & Danny McGowan & Mallory Yeromonahos, 2021, "Furlough and Household Financial Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Discussion Papers, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham, number 21-13, Aug.
• Emanuel Kohlscheen & Marco Jacopo Lombardi & Egon Zakrajšek, 2021, "Income inequality and the depth of economic downturns," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 943, May.
• Sebastian Doerr & Thomas Drechsel & Donggyu Lee, 2021, "Income inequality, financial intermediation, and small firms," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 944, May.
• Jonathan Kearns & Mike Major & David Norman, 2021, "How Risky Is Australian Household Debt?," Australian Economic Review, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, volume 54, issue 3, pages 313-330, September, DOI: 10.1111/1467-8462.12422.
• Jeff Borland & Michael Coelli, 2021, "Is It ‘Dog Days’ for the Young in the Australian Labour Market?," Australian Economic Review, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, volume 54, issue 4, pages 421-444, December, DOI: 10.1111/1467-8462.12431.
• Ingrid Bleynat & Amílcar E. Challú & Paul Segal, 2021, "Inequality, living standards, and growth: two centuries of economic development in Mexico," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, volume 74, issue 3, pages 584-610, August, DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13027.
• Rachel Scarfe & Carl Singleton & Paul Telemo, 2021, "Extreme Wages, Performance, and Superstars in a Market for Footballers," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, volume 60, issue 1, pages 84-118, January, DOI: 10.1111/irel.12270.
• Vladimir Hlasny, 2021, "Parametric representation of the top of income distributions: Options, historical evidence, and model selection," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, volume 35, issue 4, pages 1217-1256, September, DOI: 10.1111/joes.12435.
• Lisa Windsteiger, 2021, "Monopolistic supply of sorting, inequality, and welfare," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, volume 23, issue 5, pages 801-821, October, DOI: 10.1111/jpet.12518.
• Oded Stark & Wiktor Budzinski, 2021, "A social‐psychological reconstruction of Amartya Sen’s measures of inequality and social welfare," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, volume 74, issue 4, pages 552-566, November, DOI: 10.1111/kykl.12280.
• Stefan Ederer & Miriam Rehm, 2021, "Wealth inequality and aggregate demand," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, volume 72, issue 2, pages 405-424, May, DOI: 10.1111/meca.12326.
• Anastasios Evgenidis & Apostolos Fasianos, 2021, "Unconventional Monetary Policy and Wealth Inequalities in Great Britain," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, volume 83, issue 1, pages 115-175, February, DOI: 10.1111/obes.12397.
• Stephen P. Jenkins, 2021, "Inequality Comparisons with Ordinal Data," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, volume 67, issue 3, pages 547-563, September, DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12489.
• Paolo Brunori & Guido Neidhöfer, 2021, "The Evolution of Inequality of Opportunity in Germany: A Machine Learning Approach," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, volume 67, issue 4, pages 900-927, December, DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12502.
• Elin Halvorsen & Thor O. Thoresen, 2021, "Distributional Effects of a Wealth Tax under Lifetime‐Dynastic Income Concepts," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, volume 123, issue 1, pages 184-215, January, DOI: 10.1111/sjoe.12392.
• Charlotte Bartels & Dirk Neumann, 2021, "Redistribution and Insurance in Welfare States around the World," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, volume 123, issue 4, pages 1116-1158, October, DOI: 10.1111/sjoe.12449.
• Magnus A. H. Gulbrandsen, 2021, "Peer effects and debt accumulation: Evidence from lottery winnings," Working Paper, Norges Bank, number 2021/10, Sep.
• Sevim Kösem, 2021, "Income inequality, mortgage debt and house prices," Bank of England working papers, Bank of England, number 921, May.
• Federico Attili, 2021, "Within-between decomposition of the Gini index: a novel proposal (Rev. ed.)," Working Papers, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna, number wp1167, Nov.
• Atolia Manoj & Kurokawa Yoshinori, 2021, "Entry Costs, Task Variety, and Skill Flexibility: A Simple Theory of (Top) Income Skewness," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, volume 21, issue 1, pages 97-124, January, DOI: 10.1515/bejm-2019-0221.
• Elveren Adem Yavuz & Taşıran Ali Cevat, 2021, "Soft Modeling of Military Expenditure, Income Inequality, and Profit Rate, 1988–2008," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, volume 27, issue 3, pages 405-430, September, DOI: 10.1515/peps-2020-0013.
• Houngbonon Georges V. & Liang Julienne, 2021, "Broadband Internet and Income Inequality," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, volume 20, issue 2, pages 55-99, June, DOI: 10.1515/rne-2020-0042.
• Dout Hamitande & Kebalo Léleng, 2021, "Trade Intensity, Fiscal Integration and Income Inequality in ECOWAS," Statistics, Politics and Policy, De Gruyter, volume 12, issue 2, pages 375-394, December, DOI: 10.1515/spp-2021-0008.
• Faisanos, Apostolos & Lydon, Reamonn, 2021, "Do households with debt cut back their consumption more in response to shocks?," Research Technical Papers, Central Bank of Ireland, number 8/RT/21, Nov.
• Congressional Budget Office, 2021, "The Role of the Department of Veterans Affairs in the Single-Family Mortgage Market," Reports, Congressional Budget Office, number 57024, Sep.
• Antinyan, Armenak & Baghdasaryan, Vardan & Grigoryan, Aleksandr, 2021, "Charitable giving, social capital and positional concerns," Cardiff Economics Working Papers, Cardiff University, Cardiff Business School, Economics Section, number E2021/33, Dec.
• Martin Guzi & Martin Kahanec & Magdalena M. Ulceluse, 2021, "Europe's migration experience and its effects on economic inequality," Discussion Papers, Central European Labour Studies Institute (CELSI), number 60, Mar.
• Jo Blanden & Andrew Eyles & Stephen Machin, 2021, "Trends in intergenerational home ownership and wealth transmission," CEP Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, number dp1756, Apr.
• Kristoffer Balle Hvidberg & Claus Thustrup Kreiner & Stefanie Stantcheva, 2021, "Social Position and Fairness Views," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 8928.
• Michael A. Nelson & Rajeev K. Goel, 2021, "Does Gender Equality Translate into Economic Equality? Evidence from about 150 Nations," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 8949.
• Karl Schulz, 2021, "Redistribution of Return Inequality," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 8996.
• Arash Nekoei & David Seim, 2021, "How Do Inheritances Shape Wealth Inequality? Theory and Evidence from Sweden," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 9017.
• Matthias Birkner & Niklas Scheuer & Klaus Wälde, 2021, "The Dynamics of Pareto Distributed Wealth in a Small Open Economy," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 9058.
• Michael Christl & Silvia De Poli & Tine Hufkens & Andreas Peichl & Mattia Ricci, 2021, "The Role of Short-Time Work and Discretionary Policy Measures in Mitigating the Effects of the Covid-19 Crisis in Germany," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 9072.
• Kristoffer Berg & Shafik Hebous, 2021, "Does A Wealth Tax Improve Equality of Opportunity?," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 9174.
• Nikolay Angelov & Daniel Waldenström, 2021, "Covid-19 and Income Inequality: Evidence from Monthly Population Registers," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 9178.
• Florian Dorn & Clemens Fuest & Niklas Potrafke, 2021, "Trade Openness and Income Inequality: New Empirical Evidence," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 9203.
• Christoph Görtz & Danny McGowan & Mallory Yeromonahos, 2021, "Furlough and Household Financial Distress during the Covid-19 Pandemic," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 9285.
• Miriam Kohl & Philipp M. Richter, 2021, "Unilateral Tax Policy in the Open Economy," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 9296.
• Jennifer Elena Feichtmayer & Klaus Gründler, 2021, "Global Evidence on Misperceptions and Preferences for Redistribution," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 9381.
• Rick van der Ploeg & Armon Rezai & Miguel Tovar, 2021, "Gathering Support for Green Tax Reform: Evidence from German Household Surveys," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 9398.
• Joan Costa-i-Font & Cristina Vilaplana-Prieto, 2021, "Biased Survival Expectations and Behaviours: Does Domain Specific Information Matter?," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 9424.
• Moritz A. Drupp & Ulrike Kornek & Jasper N. Meya & Lutz Sager, 2021, "Inequality and the Environment: The Economics of a Two-Headed Hydra," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 9447.
• Konstantinos Angelopoulos & Spyridon Lazarakis & Rebecca Mancy & Max Schroeder, 2021, "Pandemic-Induced Wealth and Health Inequality and Risk Exposure," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 9474.
• Max Deter & Martin Lange, 2021, "Are the Supporters of Socialism the Losers of Capitalism? Conformism in East Germany and Transition Success," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 9492.
• Paul Hufe, 2021, "Essays on Equality of Opportunity," ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 93, October.
• Lea Immel, 2021, "The Regional Distribution of Income and Wages: Causes and Consequences," ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 94, October.
• Florian Dorn, 2021, "Inequality, Infrastructure, and Institutions – Empirical Studies in Public Economics and Political Economy," ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 97, October.
• Benjamin Arold & Vera Freundl & Katia Werkmeister & Larissa Zierow, 2021, "Wie geht es einkommensschwächeren Familien in der Coronakrise?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, volume 74, issue 06, pages 46-49, June.
• Clemens Fuest & Florian Neumeier & Andreas Peichl, 2021, "Verteilungspolitik für mehr Inklusion und Wachstum," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, volume 74, issue 07, pages 28-31, July.
• Klaus Gründler & Armin Hackenberger & Niklas Potrafke & Fabian Ruthardt & Timo Wochner, 2021, "Für mehr Transparenz: Deutscher Bundestag verschärft die Regeln für Nebeneinkünfte von Abgeordneten," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, volume 74, issue 09, pages 66-69, September.
• Lea Immel, 2021, "The Impact of Labor Market Reforms on Income Inequality: Evidence from the German Hartz Reforms," ifo Working Paper Series, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 347.
• Christian Bayer & Benjamin Born & Ralph Luetticke, 2021, "The Liquidity Channel of Fiscal Policy," ifo Working Paper Series, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 351.
• Florian Dorn & Clemens Fuest & Niklas Potrafke, 2021, "Trade Openness and Income Inequality: New Empirical Evidence," ifo Working Paper Series, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 359.
• Nora Lustig & Jon Jellema & Valentina Martinez Pabon, 2021, "Are Budget Neutral Income Floors Fiscally Viable in Sub-Saharan Africa?," Working Papers, Center for Global Development, number 588, Jul.
• Advani, Arun & Bangham, George & Leslie, Jack, 2021, "The UK's wealth distribution and characteristics of high-wealth households," CAGE Online Working Paper Series, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE), number 576.
• Advani, Arun & Hughson, Helen & Tarrant, Hannah, 2021, "Revenue and distributional modelling for a UK wealth tax," CAGE Online Working Paper Series, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE), number 578.
• Jorge Miranda-Pinto & Daniel Murphy & Kieran James Walsh & Eric R. Young, 2021, "Saving Constraints, Inequality, and the Credit Market Response to Fiscal Stimulus," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile, Central Bank of Chile, number 927, Oct.
• Antonio M. Espín & Manuel Correa & Alberto Ruiz-Villaverde, 2021, "Economics students: self-selected in preferences and indoctrinated in beliefs," Working Papers, Chapman University, Economic Science Institute, number 21-03.
• Antonio M. Espin & Valerio Capraro & Brice Corgnet & Simon Gachter & Roberto Hernan-Gonzalez & Praveen Kujal & Stephen Rassenti, 2021, "Differences in Cognitive Reflection Mediate Gender Differences in Social Preferences," Working Papers, Chapman University, Economic Science Institute, number 21-22.
• Kazeem B. Ajide & Olorunfemi Y. Alimi, 2021, "Income inequality, human capital and terrorism in Africa: Beyond exploratory analytics," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 165, pages 218-240.
• Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln & Dirk Krueger & André Kurmann & Étienne Lalé & Alexander Ludwig & Irina Popova, 2021, "The fiscal and welfare effects of policy responses to the Covid-19 school closures," CIRANO Working Papers, CIRANO, number 2021s-40, Nov.
• Manuel Arellano & Stéphane Bonhomme & Micole De Vera & Laura Hospido & Siqi Wei, 2021, "Income Risk Inequality: Evidence from Spanish Administrative Records," Working Papers, CEMFI, number wp2021_2109, Sep.
• Graciela Sanroman & Guillermo Santos, 2021, "The joint distribution of income and wealth in Uruguay," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, volume 40, issue 83, pages 609-642.
• Luis Armando Galvis-Aponte & Jaime Bonet-Mor�n & Leonardo Bonilla-Mej�a & Andrea Otero-Cort�s & Gerson Javier P�rez-Valbuena & Christian Posso & Diana Ricciulli-Mar�n, 2021, "Desigualdades del ingreso en Colombia: ¿cuáles son sus determinantes y cómo se han afectado por la pandemia del Covid-19?," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, issue 101, pages 1-53.
• Marco A. Badilla Maroto, 2021, "The Role of the Gender Wage Gap in Overall Wage Inequality: A Quantitative Exercise," Economía Journal, The Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association - LACEA, volume 0, issue Fall 2020, pages 169-207.
• Massa, Massimo & Cheng, Si & Zhang, Hong, 2021, "Financial Globalization vs. Income Inequality: The Surprising Role of Delegated Portfolio Flows in Taming the Top 1%," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 15745, Feb.
• Boerma, Job & Karabarbounis, Loukas, 2022, "Reparations and Persistent Racial Wealth Gaps," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 15796, May.
• Kreiner, Claus Thustrup & Hvidberg, Kristoffer Balle & Stantcheva, Stefanie, 2021, "Social Position and Fairness Views on Inequality," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 15877, Mar.
• Kudlyak, Marianna & Faia, Ester & Shabalina, Ekaterina, 2021, "Dynamic Labor Reallocation with Heterogeneous Skills and Uninsured Idiosyncratic Risk," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 16008, Apr.
• Lenza, Michele & Slacalek, Jirka, 2021, "How Does Monetary Policy Affect Income and Wealth Inequality? Evidence from Quantitative Easing in the Euro Area," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 16079, Apr.
• Engbom, Niklas & Gonzaga, Gustavo & Moser, Christian & Olivieri, Roberta, 2022, "Earnings Inequality and Dynamics in the Presence of Informality: The Case of Brazil," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 16117, Jan.
• Blanco, Andres & Diaz de Astarloa, Bernardo & Drenik, Andres & Moser, Christian & Trupkin, Danilo, 2022, "The Evolution of the Earnings Distribution in a Volatile Economy: Evidence from Argentina," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 16118, Jan.
• Waldenstrom, Daniel & Angelov, Nikolay, 2021, "COVID-19 and Income Inequality: Evidence from Monthly Population Registers," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 16333, Jul.
• Bigoni, Maria & Fabbri, Marco, 2021, "How Property Shapes Distributional Preferences," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 16405, Jul.
• Wolf, Martin & Shanker, Akshay, 2021, "Play for the Rich and Work for the Poor? The Optimal Distribution of Saving and Work in the Heterogeneous Agents Neoclassical G," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 16479, Aug.
• Carlin, Wendy & Bowles, Samuel, 2021, "Shrinking capitalism: Components of a new political economy paradigm," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 16515, Sep.
• Stantcheva, Stefanie & Ferroni, Matteo, 2021, "Perceptions of Racial Gaps, their Causes, and Ways to Reduce Them," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 16529, Nov.
• Peydró, José-Luis & Jasova, Martina & Mendicino, Caterina & Panetti, Ettore & Supera, Dominik, 2021, "Monetary Policy, Labor Income Redistribution and the Credit Channel: Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee and Credit Registe," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 16549, Sep.
• Martínez, Isabel Z. & Baselgia, Enea, 2021, "Wealth-Income Ratios in Free Market Capitalism: Switzerland, 1900–2020," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 16660, Oct.
• Ludwig, Alexander & Fuchs-Schündeln, Nicola & Krueger, Dirk & Kurmann, Andre & Lalé, Etienne & Popova, Irina, 2021, "The Fiscal and Welfare Effects of Policy Responses to the Covid-19 School Closures," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 16663, Oct.
• Daniel Wilhelm & Magne Mogstad & Azeem Shaikh, 2021, "Finite- and Large-Sample Inference for Ranks using Multinomial Data with an Application to Ranking Political Parties," RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series, ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin), number 2132, Nov.
• Abhijit Ramalingam & Brock V. Stoddard, 2021, "Does reducing inequality increase cooperation?​," GRU Working Paper Series, City University of Hong Kong, Department of Economics and Finance, Global Research Unit, number GRU_2021_022, May.
• Tim Köhler & Haroon Bhorat, 2021, "Can cash transfers aid labour market recovery? Evidence from South Africa’s special COVID-19 grant," Working Papers, University of Cape Town, Development Policy Research Unit, number 202108, Jun.
• Michael Hüther & Judith Niehues, 2021, "Inequality and Unemployment in Germany: Perception and Reality," Journal of Contextual Economics (JCE) – Schmollers Jahrbuch, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, volume 141, issue 1-2, pages 25-45, DOI: 10.3790/schm.141.1-2.25.
• Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2021, "Mobile technology supply factors and mobile money innovation: Thresholds for complementary policies," Journal of Africa SEER Centre(ASC), Africa SEER Centre(ASC), number 21/019, Jan.
• Markus M. Grabka, 2021, "Income Inequality in Germany Stagnating over the Long Term, But Decreasing Slightly during the Coronavirus Pandemic," DIW Weekly Report, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 11, issue 17/18, pages 125-133.
• Stefan Bach & Sebastian Eichfelder, 2021, "Real Estate Taxation Reform: Tax Land Values, Abolish Privileges," DIW Weekly Report, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 11, issue 27/28, pages 199-205.
• Jan Philipp Fritsche, 2021, "Labor-Intensive Firms Are a Catalyst for Monetary Policy and Its Distributive Effects," DIW Weekly Report, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 11, issue 35/36, pages 261-266.
• Geraldine Dany-Knedlik & Alexander Kriwoluzky, 2021, "Income Inequality in Germany Temporarily Sinks During Crises," DIW Weekly Report, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 11, issue 46, pages 349-355.
• Stefan Bach, 2021, "Universal Capital Endowment and Wealth Taxes Could Reduce Wealth Inequality," DIW Weekly Report, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 11, issue 49-52, pages 379-387.
• Sebastian Jungkunz & Paul Marx, 2021, "Income Changes Do Not Influence Political Participation: Evidence from Comparative Panel Data," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), number 1129.
• Martin Biewen & Miriam Sturm, 2021, "Why a Labour Market Boom Does Not Necessarily Bring Down Inequality: Putting Together Germany’s Inequality Puzzle," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), number 1139.
• Karla Cordova & Markus M. Grabka & Eva Sierminska, 2021, "Pension Wealth and the Gender Wealth Gap," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), number 1141.
• Joachim Merz & Bettina Scherg, 2021, "Time, Income and Subjective Well-Being – 20 Years of Interdependent Multidimensional Polarization in Germany," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), number 1154.
• Markus M. Grabka, 2021, "Einkommensungleichheit stagniert langfristig, sinkt aber während der Corona-Pandemie leicht," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 88, issue 18, pages 307-316.
• Stefan Bach & Sebastian Eichfelder, 2021, "Reform der Immobilienbesteuerung: Bodenwerte belasten und Privilegien streichen," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 88, issue 27, pages 463-470.
• Reiner Braun & Markus M. Grabka, 2021, "Die Sozialkaufprämie – ein Vorschlag zur Ergänzung der Immobilienförderung in Deutschland," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 88, issue 27, pages 481-487.
• Jan Philipp Fritsche, 2021, "Arbeitsintensive Unternehmen sind ein Katalysator für Geldpolitik und ihre Verteilungseffekte," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 88, issue 36, pages 587-592.
• Geraldine Dany-Knedlik & Alexander Kriwoluzky, 2021, "Einkommensungleichheit in Deutschland sinkt in Krisenzeiten temporär," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 88, issue 46, pages 755-761.
• Kira Baresel & Heike Eulitz & Uwe Fachinger & Markus M. Grabka & Christoph Halbmeier & Harald Künemund & Alberto Lozano Alcántara & Claudia Vogel, 2021, "Hälfte aller Erbschaften und Schenkungen geht an die reichsten zehn Prozent aller Begünstigten," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 88, issue 5, pages 63-71.
• Stefan Bach, 2021, "Grunderbe und Vermögensteuern können die Vermögensungleichheit verringern," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 88, issue 50, pages 807-815.
• Konstantin A. Kholodilin & Sebastian Kohl, 2021, "Rent Price Control – Yet Another Great Equalizer of Economic Inequalities?: Evidence from a Century of Historical Data," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 1927.
• Johannes Geyer & Ralf Himmelreicher, 2021, "Charakteristika der Entgeltumwandlung: Wer sorgt in welchem Umfang für das Alter vor?," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 1929.
• Lukas Menkhoff & Carsten Schröder, 2021, "Risky Asset Holdings during Covid-19 and Their Distributional Impact: Evidence from Germany," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 1962.
• Geraldine Dany-Knedlik & Alexander Kriwoluzky & Sandra Pasch, 2021, "Income Business Cycles," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 1964.
• Jan Philipp Fritsche & Lea Steininger, 2021, "Zooming in on Monetary Policy - The Labor Share and Production Dynamics of Two Million Firms," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 1967.
• Johannes König & Maximilian Longmuir, 2021, "Wage Risk and Portfolio Choice: The Role of Correlated Returns," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 1974.
• Johannes Geyer & Ralf K. Himmelreicher, 2021, "Entgeltumwandlung im Jahr 2018: Wer nutzt sie in welchem Umfang?," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 1977.
• Andres Blanco & Bernardo Diaz de Astarloa & Andres Drenik & Christian Moser & Danilo Trupkin, 2021, "The Evolution of the Earnings Distribution in a Volatile Economy: Evidence from Argentina," CEDLAS, Working Papers, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, number 0280, Jun.
• Paz-Pardo, Gonzalo, 2021, "Homeownership and portfolio choice over the generations," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 2522, Feb.
• Eskelinen, Maria, 2021, "Monetary policy, agent heterogeneity and inequality: insights from a three-agent New Keynesian model," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 2590, Sep.
• Lee, Seungcheol & Luetticke, Ralph & Ravn, Morten O., 2021, "Financial frictions: micro vs macro volatility," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 2622, Dec.
• Bustos, Claudio & Candia Cid, Jessica & Martínez, David & Merino Escobar, José Manuel, 2021, "Desigualdad y polarización social en comunas de Chile," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), April.
• Bustos, Claudio & Candia Cid, Jessica & Martínez, David & Merino Escobar, José Manuel, 2021, "Inequality and social polarization in Chilean municipalities," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), April.
• Merike Kukk & Jaanika Merikyll & Tairi Room, 2021, "The gender wealth gap in Europe: A comparative study using a model averaging methodology," Bank of Estonia Working Papers, Bank of Estonia, number wp2020-7, Apr, revised 08 Apr 2021, DOI: 10.23656/25045520/072020/0181.
• Zhang, Ping & Sun, Lin & Zhang, Chuanyong, 2021, "Understanding the role of homeownership in wealth inequality: Evidence from urban China (1995–2018)," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 69, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101657.
• Fan, Ying & Sing, Tien Foo, 2021, "Macroeconomic policy-induced wealth effects on Chinese foreign housing investments," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 69, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101675.
• Yang, Xiuna & Gustafsson, Björn & Sicular, Terry, 2021, "Inequality of opportunity in household income, China 2002–2018," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 69, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101684.
• Wang, Jinxian & Wang, Chen & Li, Sihao & Luo, Zhi, 2021, "Measurement of relative welfare poverty and its impact on happiness in China: Evidence from CGSS," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 69, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101687.
• Kvedaras, Virmantas & Cseres-Gergely, Zsombor, 2021, "China’s WTO accession and income inequality in European regions: External pressure and internal adjustments," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, volume 69, issue C, pages 34-53, DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2020.11.006.
• Thuong, Nguyen Thi Thu, 2021, "Catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment in Vietnam: Evidence from national Household Living Standards Surveys 2008–2018," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, volume 72, issue C, pages 668-684, DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2021.10.009.
• Nguyen, Hien Phuc & Khieu, Hoang, 2021, "Progressive wealth tax: An inquiry into Biden’s tax policy," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, volume 72, issue C, pages 735-742, DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2021.10.011.
• Caballé, Jordi & Moro-Egido, Ana I., 2021, "Do aspirations reduce differences in wealth accumulation?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 102, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2021.105553.
• Brzezinski, Michal & Sałach, Katarzyna, 2021, "Factors that account for the wealth inequality differences between post-socialist countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 105, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2021.105649.
• Gokmen, Gunes & Morin, Annaig, 2021, "Investment shocks and inequality dynamics," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 94, issue C, pages 570-579, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2020.02.003.
• Li, Chengyou & Yu, Yangcheng & Li, Qinghai, 2021, "Top-income data and income inequality correction in China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 97, issue C, pages 210-219, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2021.01.018.
• Nolan, Brian & Palomino, Juan C. & Van Kerm, Philippe & Morelli, Salvatore, 2021, "Intergenerational wealth transfers and wealth inequality in rich countries: What do we learn from Gini decomposition?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 199, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109701.
• Chu, C.Y. Cyrus & Wang, Yi-Ting, 2021, "Gini coefficient versus top income shares – Pattern change differences," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 201, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109769.
• Kohlscheen, Emanuel & Lombardi, Marco & Zakrajšek, Egon, 2021, "Income Inequality and the depth of economic downturns," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 205, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109934.
• Banerjee, Sreoshi & Mitra, Manipushpak, 2021, "Lorenz optimality for sequencing problems with welfare bounds," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 205, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109963.
• Dávila-Fernández, Marwil J. & Punzo, Lionello F., 2021, "The Kuznets curve of the rich," Economic Systems, Elsevier, volume 45, issue 4, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2021.100910.
• Bazillier, Rémi & Héricourt, Jérôme & Ligonnière, Samuel, 2021, "Structure of income inequality and household leverage: Cross-country causal evidence," European Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 132, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103629.
• Tzamourani, Panagiota, 2021, "The interest rate exposure of euro area households," European Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 132, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103643.
• Sausgruber, Rupert & Sonntag, Axel & Tyran, Jean-Robert, 2021, "Disincentives from redistribution: evidence on a dividend of democracy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 136, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103749.
• Guzi, Martin & Kahanec, Martin & Ulceluse, Magdalena M., 2021, "Europe's Migration Experience and its Effects on Economic Inequality," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14041, Jan.
• Rodriguez Castelan, Carlos & Araar, Abdelkrim & Malásquez, Eduardo A. & Olivieri, Sergio & Vishwanath, Tara, 2021, "Distributional Effects of Competition: A Simulation Approach," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14043, Jan.
• Naudé, Wim & Nagler, Paula, 2021, "The Rise and Fall of German Innovation," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14154, Mar.
• Burkhauser, Richard V. & Corinth, Kevin & Holtz-Eakin, Douglas, 2021, "Policies to Help the Working Class in the Aftermath of COVID-19: Lessons from the Great Recession," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14166, Mar.
• Jenkins, Stephen P. & Rios-Avila, Fernando, 2021, "Measurement Error in Earnings Data: Replication of Meijer, Rohwedder, and Wansbeek's Mixture Model Approach to Combining Survey and Register Data," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14172, Mar.
• Jungkunz, Sebastian & Marx, Paul, 2021, "Income Changes Do Not Influence Political Participation: Evidence from Comparative Panel Data," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14198, Mar.
• Zhang, Yinjunjie (Jacquelyn) & Breunig, Robert, 2021, "Gender Norms and Domestic Abuse: Evidence From Australia," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14225, Mar.
• Bargain, Olivier B. & Stephane, Victor & Valette, Jérôme, 2021, "Another Brick in the Wall. Immigration and Electoral Preferences: Direct Evidence from State Ballots," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14233, Mar.
• Moreno, Héctor & Bourguignon, Francois & Dang, Hai-Anh H, 2021, "On Synthetic Income Panels," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14236, Mar.
• Clark, Ken & Nolan, Steve, 2021, "The Changing Distribution of the Male Ethnic Wage Gap in Great Britain," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14276, Apr.
• Sur, Pramod Kumar & Sasaki, Masaru, 2021, "The Persistent Effect of Famine on Present-Day China: Evidence from the Billionaires," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14291, Apr.
• Diaz, Lina & Houser, Daniel & Ifcher, John & Zarghamee, Homa, 2021, "Estimating Social Preferences Using Stated Satisfaction: Novel Support for Inequity Aversion," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14347, Apr.
• Biewen, Martin & Sturm, Miriam, 2021, "Why a Labour Market Boom Does Not Necessarily Bring Down Inequality: Putting Together Germany's Inequality Puzzle," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14357, May.
• Doorley, Karina & O'Donoghue, Cathal & Sologon, Denisa M., 2021, "The Gender Gap in Income and the COVID-19 Pandemic," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14360, May.
• Zimpelmann, Christian & Gaudecker, Hans-Martin von & Holler, Radost & Janys, Lena & Siflinger, Bettina M., 2021, "Drivers of Working Hours and Household Income Dynamics during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of the Netherlands," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14382, May.
• Celhay, Pablo & Meyer, Bruce D. & Mittag, Nikolas, 2021, "Errors in Reporting and Imputation of Government Benefits and Their Implications," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14396, May.
• Jenkins, Stephen P. & Rios-Avila, Fernando, 2021, "Finite Mixture Models for Linked Survey and Administrative Data: Estimation and Post-estimation," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14404, May.
• Jenkins, Stephen P. & Rios-Avila, Fernando, 2021, "Reconciling Reports: Modelling Employment Earnings and Measurement Errors Using Linked Survey and Administrative Data," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14405, May.
• Kennedy, Tomas & Siminski, Peter, 2021, "Are We Richer Than Our Parents Were? Absolute Income Mobility in Australia," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14417, Jun.
• Doorley, Karina & Privalko, Ivan & Russell, Helen & Tuda, Dora, 2021, "The Gender Pay Gap in Ireland from Austerity through Recovery," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14441, Jun.
• Yang, Xiuna & Gustafsson, Björn Anders & Sicular, Terry, 2021, "Inequality of Opportunity in Household Income, China 2002-2018," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14463, Jun.
• Sicular, Terry & Yang, Xiuna & Gustafsson, Björn Anders, 2021, "The Rise of China's Global Middle Class in International Perspective," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14531, Jul.
• Abanokova, Kseniya & Dang, Hai-Anh H, 2021, "Poverty in Russia: A Bird's-Eye View of Trends and Dynamics in the past Quarter of Century," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14544, Jul.
• Johnston, David W. & Menon, Nidhiya, 2021, "Income and Views on Minimum Living Standards," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14656, Aug.
• Hufe, Paul & Peichl, Andreas & Weishaar, Daniel, 2021, "Lower and Upper Bound Estimates of Inequality of Opportunity for Emerging Economies," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14680, Aug.
• Brunori, Paolo & Hufe, Paul & Mahler, Daniel Gerszon, 2021, "The Roots of Inequality: Estimating Inequality of Opportunity from Regression Trees and Forests," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14689, Aug.
• Herault, Nicolas & Hyslop, Dean R. & Jenkins, Stephen P. & Wilkins, Roger, 2021, "Rising Top-Income Persistence in Australia: Evidence from Income Tax Data," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14737, Sep.
• Stark, Oded & Budzinski, Wiktor, 2021, "A Social-Psychological Reconstruction of Amartya Sen's Measures of Inequality and Social Welfare," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14761, Oct.
• Fabbri, Marco & Bigoni, Maria, 2021, "How Property Shapes Distributional Preferences," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14768, Oct.
• Lima, Pedro G. & Teixeira, Pedro N. & Silva, Sandra T., 2021, "Major Streams in the Economics of Inequality: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Literature since 1950s," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14777, Oct.
• Siminski, Peter & Yu, Sin Hung, 2021, "The Correlation of Wealth between Parents and Children in Australia," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14784, Oct.
• Faia, Ester & Kudlyak, Marianna & Shabalina, Ekaterina, 2021, "Dynamic Labor Reallocation with Heterogeneous Skills and Uninsured Idiosyncratic Risk," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14794, Oct.
• Dupuy, Arnaud & Kennes, John & Lyng, Ran Sun, 2021, "The Market for CEOs: Building Legacy and Feeling Empowered Matter," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14803, Oct.
• Herault, Nicolas & Jenkins, Stephen P., 2021, "Redistributive Effect and the Progressivity of Taxes and Benefits: Evidence for the UK, 1977-2018," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14819, Oct.
• Biewen, Martin & Glaisner, Stefan & Kleimann, Rolf, 2021, "A Convenient Representation of the Wealth Distribution and More Evidence on Homeownership and Wealth Inequality in Euro Area Countries," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14842, Nov.
• Merz, Joachim & Scherg, Bettina, 2021, "Time, Income and Subjective Well-Being - 20 Years of Interdependent Multidimensional Polarization in Germany," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14870, Nov.
• Morsy, Hanan & Shimeles, Abebe & Nabassaga, Tiguene, 2021, "Structural Change and Inequality in Africa," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14878, Nov.
• Jenkins, Stephen P., 2021, "Top-Income Adjustments and Official Statistics on Income Distribution: The Case of the UK," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14951, Dec.
• Bellani, Luna & Fazio, Andrea & Scervini, Francesco, 2021, "Collective Negative Shocks and Preferences for Redistribution: Evidence from the COVID-19 Crisis in Germany," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14969, Dec.