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Finland as a Knowledge Economy : Elements of Success and Lessons Learned

Author

Listed:
  • Carl J. Dahlman
  • Jorma Routti
  • Pekka Ylä-Anttila

Abstract

In the early 1990s, Finland went through watershed developments due to a severe economic recession, during which unemployment rates rose from around 2 percent to over 15 percent and GDP decreased by more than 10 percent. However, in one decade Finland became the most ICT-specialized economy in the world. Three times it has ranked number 1 in the World Economic Forum's (WEF) competitiveness index. It also ranked highest in the OECD's Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) studies of learning skills and educational attainment. This paper includes the following headings: introduction; Finland's knowledge economy today; structural changes in the Finnish economy - from agriculture to high-tech; changes in the economic and institutional regimes; innovation and education strategies and policies in Finland; sectoral perspectives on the Finnish knowledge economy -- from forest-related industries to ICT; challenges to the Finnish knowledge economy -- what's ahead; and conclusions and lessons from Finland's knowledge economy for other economies.

Suggested Citation

  • Carl J. Dahlman & Jorma Routti & Pekka Ylä-Anttila, 2006. "Finland as a Knowledge Economy : Elements of Success and Lessons Learned," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 7138.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbpubs:7138
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    File URL: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/7138/393780FI0Knowledge0economy01PUBLIC1.pdf?sequence=1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki & Hermans, Raine, 2002. "Nokia in the Finnish Innovation System," Discussion Papers 811, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Pekka Ylä-Anttila & Christopher Palmberg, 2007. "Economic and Industrial Policy Transformations in Finland," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 169-187, December.
    2. Shan Li & Xun Li & Wei Lang & Haohui Chen & Xiaoguang Huang, 2021. "The Spatial and Mechanism Difference in the Export Evolution of Product Space in Global Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-17, February.
    3. Peter Knight & Jorma Routti, 2011. "e-Development and Consensus Formation in Finland," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 2(1), pages 117-144, March.
    4. World Bank, 2007. "Bulgaria - Accelerating Bulgaria's Convergence : Volume 2. The Challenge of Rasing Productivity," World Bank Publications - Reports 7876, The World Bank Group.
    5. Sami Moisio & Ugo Rossi, 2020. "The start-up state: Governing urbanised capitalism," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 52(3), pages 532-552, May.
    6. Peter Knight, 2011. "e-Development in Brasil," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 2(1), pages 77-116, March.
    7. Cristiano Antonelli & Francesco Quatraro, 2010. "The effects of biased technological change on total factor productivity: empirical evidence from a sample of OECD countries," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 35(4), pages 361-383, August.
    8. Osiris Parcero & James Christopher Ryan, 2024. "Becoming a Knowledge Economy: the Case of Qatar, UAE and 17 Benchmark Countries," Papers 2401.04214, arXiv.org.
    9. Daniele SCHILIRÒ, 2012. "Knowledge-Based Economies And The Institutional Environment," Theoretical and Practical Research in the Economic Fields, ASERS Publishing, vol. 3(1), pages 42-50.
    10. Driss Tsouli & Bouchra Elabbadi, 2018. "Intellectual Capital of Africa: Comparison of the Five Most Competitive Countries," Business and Economic Research, Macrothink Institute, vol. 8(2), pages 71-84, June.
    11. Osiris Jorge Parcero & James Christopher Ryan, 2017. "Becoming a Knowledge Economy: the Case of Qatar, UAE, and 17 Benchmark Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 8(4), pages 1146-1173, December.
    12. Tuomo Nikulainen, 2012. "R&D Collaboration And Nanotechnology — An Opportunity For Traditional Industries," International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management (IJITM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 9(03), pages 1-16.
    13. Kaplan, David, 2012. "South African mining equipment and specialist services: Technological capacity, export performance and policy," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 425-433.
    14. Sam Mitra, 2019. "Depletion, technology, and productivity growth in the metallic minerals industry," Mineral Economics, Springer;Raw Materials Group (RMG);Luleå University of Technology, vol. 32(1), pages 19-37, April.
    15. Heikki Eskelinen & Matti Fritsch, 2009. "Polycentricity in the North-eastern Periphery of the EU Territory," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(4), pages 605-619, April.
    16. Esko Aho & Mikko Alkio & Ilkka Lakaniemi, 2013. "The Finnish approach to innovation strategy and indicators," Chapters, in: Fred Gault (ed.), Handbook of Innovation Indicators and Measurement, chapter 13, pages 320-332, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    17. Tai-Yoo Kim & Jihyoun Park & Eungdo Kim & Junseok Hwang, 2011. "The Faster-Accelerating Digital Economy," TEMEP Discussion Papers 201173, Seoul National University; Technology Management, Economics, and Policy Program (TEMEP), revised Apr 2011.
    18. Carol Marie Kiriakos, 2011. "Why Being There Matters: Finnish Professionals in Silicon Valley," Chapters, in: David Emanuel Andersson & Åke E. Andersson & Charlotta Mellander (ed.), Handbook of Creative Cities, chapter 15, Edward Elgar Publishing.

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