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The Global Findex Database 2021

Author

Listed:
  • Asli Demirguc-Kunt
  • Dorothe Singer
  • Leora Klapper
  • Saniya Ansar
  • Dorothe Singer

Abstract

The fourth edition of the Global Findex offers a lens into how people accessed and used financial services during the COVID-19 pandemic, when mobility restrictions and health policies drove increased demand for digital services of all kinds. The Global Findex is the world’s most comprehensive database on financial inclusion. It is also the only global demand-side data source allowing for global and regional cross-country analysis to provide a rigorous and multidimensional picture of how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage financial risks. Global Findex 2021 data were collected from national representative surveys of about 128,000 adults in more than 120 economies. The latest edition follows the 2011, 2014, and 2017 editions, and it includes a number of new series measuring financial health and resilience and contains more granular data on digital payment adoption, including merchant and government payments. The Global Findex is an indispensable resource for financial service practitioners, policy makers, researchers, and development professionals.

Suggested Citation

  • Asli Demirguc-Kunt & Dorothe Singer & Leora Klapper & Saniya Ansar & Dorothe Singer, 2022. "The Global Findex Database 2021," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 37578, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbpubs:37578
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Doi, Yoko & McKenzie, David & Zia, Bilal, 2014. "Who you train matters: Identifying combined effects of financial education on migrant households," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 39-55.
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    Cited by:

    1. Trachtman, Carly & Permana, Yudistira Hendra & Sahadewo, Gumilang Aryo, 2026. "How much do our neighbors really know? The limits of community-based targeting," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    2. Riley, Emma & Shonchoy, Abu S. & Osei, Robert Darko, 2025. "Incentives and endorsement for technology adoption: Evidence from mobile banking in Ghana," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    3. Louis Logogye & Michael Adusei & Kwasi Poku & Godfred Aawaar, 2025. "Financial inclusion—entrepreneurship nexus: evidence from a threshold analysis," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 95(4), pages 587-616, May.

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