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Party Affiliation of the US President and Path Dependence in the Bilateral Relationship With Mexico at Five Critical Junctures

Author

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  • Estefania Cruz Lera

Abstract

The historical bilateral relationship between Mexico and the United States has been marked by punctuated equilibrium, including extended periods of stability disrupted by sudden endogenous change. These critical junctures forced decisions and realignments, creating a path dependency of action from the north and adaptation from the south of the border. This study examines the role of party affiliation of the US Executive in managing critical junctures. Five historically significant events have shaped stability and change in the US‐Mexico relations: the Bracero Program, NAFTA, the Tequila Effect, the Merida Initiative, and USMCA. Convergences and divergences in foreign policy shifts toward Mexico during Republican and Democratic administrations have had long‐term implications. The five critical junctures revisited in this reach revealed a correlation between increasing conflict during Republican presidencies and parsimony during Democratic administrations. Nevertheless, Republicans left clear legacies that reinforce institutional reproduction of the bilateral relations even in challenging contexts. 历史上, 墨西哥与美国的双边关系以间断平衡为标志, 包括被突然的内生变化打断的长期稳定期。这些关键时刻迫使人们做出决定和重新调整, 从而形成了一种路径依赖, 即北部的行动和南部边境的适应。本研究考察了美国行政部门的党派归属在管理关键时刻的作用。五个具有历史意义的事件塑造了美墨关系的稳定和变化:墨西哥农工计划、北美自由贸易协定、龙舌兰效应、梅里达倡议和美墨加协定。共和党和民主党执政期间对墨西哥的外交政策转变的趋同和分歧产生了长期影响。本文重新审视的五个关键时刻揭示了共和党总统任期内冲突加剧与民主党执政期间吝啬之间的相关性。尽管如此, 共和党留下了明确的遗产, 即使在充满挑战的环境下也强化了双边关系的制度再生产。 La relación bilateral histórica entre México y Estados Unidos se ha caracterizado por un equilibrio irregular, incluyendo largos periodos de estabilidad interrumpidos por cambios endógenos repentinos. Estas coyunturas críticas obligaron a tomar decisiones y realineamientos, creando una dependencia de la trayectoria de acción desde el norte y de adaptación desde el sur de la frontera. Esta investigación examina el papel de la afiliación partidista del ejecutivo estadounidense en la gestión de coyunturas críticas. Cinco eventos históricamente significativos han moldeado la estabilidad y el cambio en las relaciones entre Estados Unidos y México: el Programa Bracero, el TLCAN, el Efecto Tequila, la Iniciativa Mérida y el T‐MEC. Las convergencias y divergencias en los cambios de política exterior hacia México durante las administraciones republicanas y demócratas han tenido implicaciones a largo plazo. Las cinco coyunturas críticas revisadas en este estudio revelaron una correlación entre el aumento del conflicto durante las presidencias republicanas y la parsimonia durante las administraciones demócratas. Sin embargo, los republicanos dejaron legados claros que refuerzan la reproducción institucional de las relaciones bilaterales incluso en contextos difíciles.

Suggested Citation

  • Estefania Cruz Lera, 2025. "Party Affiliation of the US President and Path Dependence in the Bilateral Relationship With Mexico at Five Critical Junctures," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 188(2), April.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:188:y:2025:i:2:n:e12073
    DOI: 10.1002/waf2.12073
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    References listed on IDEAS

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