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Black–White differences in Child Protective Services involvement: Evidence on the role of differential ‘risk’

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  • Lawrence M. Berger
  • Brenda Jones Harden

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  • Lawrence M. Berger & Brenda Jones Harden, 2025. "Black–White differences in Child Protective Services involvement: Evidence on the role of differential ‘risk’," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(2), pages 682-692, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jpamgt:v:44:y:2025:i:2:p:682-692
    DOI: 10.1002/pam.22677
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Doyle, Joseph J., 2013. "Causal effects of foster care: An instrumental-variables approach," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 1143-1151.
    2. E Jason Baron & Joseph J DoyleJr & Natalia Emanuel & Peter Hull & Joseph Ryan, 2024. "Discrimination in Multiphase Systems: Evidence from Child Protection," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 139(3), pages 1611-1664.
    3. Christopher Wildeman & Natalia Emanuel, 2014. "Cumulative Risks of Foster Care Placement by Age 18 for U.S. Children, 2000–2011," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-7, March.
    4. Anthony Bald & Eric Chyn & Justine Hastings & Margarita Machelett, 2022. "The Causal Impact of Removing Children from Abusive and Neglectful Homes," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 130(7), pages 1919-1962.
    5. Font, Sarah A. & Berger, Lawrence M. & Slack, Kristen S., 2012. "Examining racial disproportionality in child protective services case decisions," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 34(11), pages 2188-2200.
    6. Max Gross & E. Jason Baron, 2022. "Temporary Stays and Persistent Gains: The Causal Effects of Foster Care," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 14(2), pages 170-199, April.
    7. Wildeman, Christopher & Fallesen, Peter, 2017. "The effect of lowering welfare payment ceilings on children's risk of out-of-home placement," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 82-90.
    8. Miller, Keva M. & Cahn, Katharine & Orellana, E. Roberto, 2012. "Dynamics that contribute to racial disproportionality and disparity: Perspectives from child welfare professionals, community partners, and families," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 34(11), pages 2201-2207.
    9. Dettlaff, Alan J. & Rivaux, Stephanie L. & Baumann, Donald J. & Fluke, John D. & Rycraft, Joan R. & James, Joyce, 2011. "Disentangling substantiation: The influence of race, income, and risk on the substantiation decision in child welfare," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(9), pages 1630-1637, September.
    10. Brett Drake & Melissa Jonson-Reid & Hyunil Kim, 2017. "Surveillance Bias in Child Maltreatment: A Tempest in a Teapot," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-15, August.
    11. Jonson-Reid, Melissa & Drake, Brett & Kohl, Patricia L., 2009. "Is the overrepresentation of the poor in child welfare caseloads due to bias or need?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 422-427, March.
    12. Irwin Garfinkel & Laurel Sariscsany & Elizabeth Ananat & Sophie M. Collyer & Robert Paul Hartley & Buyi Wang & Christopher Wimer, 2022. "The Benefits and Costs of a U.S. Child Allowance," NBER Working Papers 29854, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Joseph J. Doyle Jr., 2007. "Child Protection and Child Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Foster Care," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 97(5), pages 1583-1610, December.
    14. Drake, Brett & Lee, Sang Moo & Jonson-Reid, Melissa, 2009. "Race and child maltreatment reporting: Are Blacks overrepresented?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 309-316, March.
    15. Lawrence M. Berger & Sarah A. Font & Kristen S. Slack & Jane Waldfogel, 2017. "Income and child maltreatment in unmarried families: evidence from the earned income tax credit," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 1345-1372, December.
    16. William Darity Jr. & A. Kirsten Mullen & Marvin Slaughter, 2022. "The Cumulative Costs of Racism and the Bill for Black Reparations," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 36(2), pages 99-122, Spring.
    17. Thomas, Margaret M.C. & Waldfogel, Jane, 2022. "What kind of “poverty” predicts CPS contact: Income, material hardship, and differences among racialized groups," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    18. Darcey H. Merritt, 2020. "How Do Families Experience and Interact with CPS?," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 692(1), pages 203-226, November.
    19. Yi, Youngmin & Edwards, Frank & Emanuel, Natalia & Lee, Hedwig & Leventhal, John M. & Waldfogel, Jane & Wildeman, Christopher, 2023. "State-level variation in the cumulative prevalence of child welfare system contact, 2015–2019," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    20. Kim, H. & Wildeman, C. & Jonson-Reid, M. & Drake, B., 2017. "Lifetime prevalence of investigating child maltreatment among US children," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 107(2), pages 274-280.
    21. Sarah A. Font & Kathryn Maguire-Jack, 2020. "The Scope, Nature, and Causes of Child Abuse and Neglect," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 692(1), pages 26-49, November.
    22. Joseph J. Doyle Jr., 2008. "Child Protection and Adult Crime: Using Investigator Assignment to Estimate Causal Effects of Foster Care," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 116(4), pages 746-770, August.
    23. Boyd, Reiko, 2014. "African American disproportionality and disparity in child welfare: Toward a comprehensive conceptual framework," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 15-27.
    24. Fred Wulczyn & Xiaomeng Zhou & Jamie McClanahan & Scott Huhr & Kristen Hislop & Forrest Moore & Emily Rhodes, 2023. "Race, Poverty, and Foster Care Placement in the United States: Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Perspectives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(16), pages 1-19, August.
    25. Garfinkel, Irwin & Sariscsany, Laurel & Ananat, Elizabeth & Collyer, Sophie & Hartley, Robert P. & Wang, Buyi & Wimer, Christopher, 2022. "The Benefits and Costs of a Child Allowance," Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 13(3), pages 335-362, October.
    26. E. Jason Baron & Ezra G. Goldstein & Joseph Ryan, 2023. "The Push for Racial Equity in Child Welfare: Can Blind Removals Reduce Disproportionality?," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(2), pages 456-487, March.
    27. Sarah A. Font & Maria Cancian & Lawrence M. Berger, 2019. "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Early Motherhood Among Low-Income, Maltreated, and Foster Youth," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 56(1), pages 261-284, February.
    28. Fred Wulczyn, 2020. "Foster Care in a Life Course Perspective," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 692(1), pages 227-252, November.
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