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Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Indian rice paddies, agricultural soils and crop residue burning

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  • Arti Bhatia
  • Niveta Jain
  • Himanshu Pathak

Abstract

Agricultural soils contribute toward the emission of methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), the two important greenhouse gases (GHGs) causing global warming. A state‐wise inventory of CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from agricultural soils of India was prepared for the base year 2007 using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) national inventory preparation guidelines. For CH 4 inventory, state‐specific emission coefficients were used for rice grown under upland, rain‐fed, irrigated, and deepwater, the four major rice ecosystems of the country. In case of N 2 O, both direct and indirect emissions from agricultural soils in different states were calculated using indigenous country specific emission factors. The change in annual emission of CH 4 and N 2 O during the period 1980 to 2007 was estimated using the same emission coefficients. Indian rice fields covering an area of 43.86 million ha under the different rice ecosystems emitted 3.37 million tons of CH 4 (84.25 Tg CO 2 equivalents) in 2007. The annual direct and indirect N 2 O‐N emissions from Indian agricultural soils was estimated to be 118.67 Gg (55.5 Tg CO 2 equivalent) and 19.48 Gg (9.1 Tg CO 2 equivalent), respectively. The global warming potential of the agricultural soils was estimated to be 148 Tg for the year 2007. Emissions from field burning of agricultural residues resulted in an annual emission of 250 Gg of CH 4 (6.2 Tg CO 2 equivalent) and 6.5 Gg of N 2 O (1.9 Tg CO 2 equivalent). Emission of CH 4 from Indian rice fields has remained almost constant during this period whereas there has been an increase of 176% in N 2 O emissions from agricultural soils due to increased inorganic fertilizer application, however the greenhouse gas emission intensity has declined over the years due to increase in food production.

Suggested Citation

  • Arti Bhatia & Niveta Jain & Himanshu Pathak, 2013. "Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Indian rice paddies, agricultural soils and crop residue burning," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 3(3), pages 196-211, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:greenh:v:3:y:2013:i:3:p:196-211
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1002/ghg.1339
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    Cited by:

    1. Jeetendra Prakash Aryal & Cathy R. Farnworth & Ritika Khurana & Srabashi Ray & Tek B. Sapkota & Dil Bahadur Rahut, 2020. "Does women’s participation in agricultural technology adoption decisions affect the adoption of climate‐smart agriculture? Insights from Indo‐Gangetic Plains of India," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(3), pages 973-990, August.
    2. Jeetendra Prakash Aryal & Dil Bahadur Rahut & Sofina Maharjan & Olaf Erenstein, 2018. "Factors affecting the adoption of multiple climate‐smart agricultural practices in the Indo‐Gangetic Plains of India," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 42(3), pages 141-158, August.
    3. Khatri-Chhetri, Arun & Sapkota, Tek B. & Maharjan, Sofina & Cheerakkollil Konath, Noufa & Shirsath, Paresh, 2023. "Agricultural emissions reduction potential by improving technical efficiency in crop production," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    4. Gayatri, Y.P. & Jose, M., 2014. "Emission Taxes as a GHG Mitigation Mechanism in Agriculture: Effects on Rice Production of India," Agricultural Economics Research Review, Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), vol. 27(2).
    5. Suresh K. Kakraliya & Hanuman S. Jat & Tek B. Sapkota & Ishwar Singh & Manish Kakraliya & Manoj K. Gora & Parbodh C. Sharma & Mangi L. Jat, 2021. "Effect of Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices on Climate Change Adaptation, Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Economic Efficiency of Rice-Wheat System in India," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-20, December.
    6. Hom Gartaula & Tek B Sapkota & Arun Khatri-Chhetri & Gokul Prasad & Lone Badstue, 2020. "Gendered impacts of greenhouse gas mitigation options for rice cultivation in India," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 163(2), pages 1045-1063, November.

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