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When the Client Is A Former Auditor: Auditees' Expert Knowledge and Social Capital as Threats to Staff Auditors' Operational Independence†

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  • Laurence Daoust
  • Bertrand Malsch

Abstract

Auditees can play an active role in influencing staff auditors' professional judgment and skepticism. Yet, although it constitutes one of the main threats to auditor independence, very little is known about the means and extent of auditees' power during the audit engagement. To address this knowledge gap, our study focuses on a specific category of auditees, namely, auditees who have worked as auditors in large accounting firms. We interviewed 36 of these auditees and triangulated our findings with 11 interviews conducted with auditors. At the theoretical level, we conceptualize auditees' influence over auditors as intentional and active through the notion of “social power.” Overall, our analysis shows that the efficacy of auditees' power during the engagement materializes through the mobilization of two main power resources developed during their time at the firms: (i) expert knowledge of auditing techniques and (ii) social capital. On the one hand, relying on their cognitive authority, auditees' employ three different power strategies to constrain staff auditors' operational independence: stage‐setting, teaching, and questioning. On the other hand, auditees' social capital can support the use of two additional strategies: attracting and monitoring. Our triangulation analysis confirms our findings and suggests that auditors may be aware of the threats to independence that auditee expertise and social capital pose. By focusing on auditees' agentic capabilities—that is, individuals' capabilities to consciously exert influence over the course of events—we reinterpret the pressures exerted by clients on auditors as the product of strategic actions and discuss substantive consequences for independence risk. Lorsque le client est un ex‐auditeur : l'expertise et le capital social des audités comme menaces à l'indépendance opérationnelle des auditeurs juniors et seniors Les audités peuvent intervenir activement dans les missions d'audit en exerçant une influence sur le jugement professionnel et l'esprit critique des auditeurs juniors et seniors (appelés « staff auditors »). Or, bien que cette influence soit l'une des principales menaces à l'indépendance de l'auditeur, on connaît encore très mal les moyens utilisés par les audités pour exercer leur pouvoir durant la mission d'audit et la portée de ce pouvoir. Pour combler cette lacune, les auteurs se penchent sur une catégorie particulière d'audités, soit ceux qui ont exercé les fonctions d'auditeurs dans de grands cabinets comptables. Ils s'entretiennent avec 36 de ces audités et procèdent à la triangulation de leurs constats avec les observations tirées de 11 entrevues réalisées auprès d'auditeurs. Sur le plan théorique, ils conceptualisent l'influence des audités sur les auditeurs comme étant intentionnelle et active à l'aide de la notion de « pouvoir social » Globalement, leur analyse montre que l'efficacité du pouvoir des audités durant la mission se concrétise grâce à la mobilisation de deux principales sources de pouvoir cultivées dans l'exercice de leurs fonctions en cabinet : i) l'expertise des techniques d'audit et ii) le capital social. D'une part, en s'appuyant sur leur autorité cognitive, les audités ont recours à trois différentes stratégies d'exercice de leur pouvoir pour limiter l'indépendance opérationnelle des auditeurs juniors et seniors : la mise en scène, l'enseignement et le questionnement. D'autre part, le capital social des audités peut faciliter l'usage de deux stratégies supplémentaires : l'attraction et la surveillance. L'analyse de triangulation confirme les observations des auteurs et indique que les auditeurs peuvent être conscients des menaces à leur indépendance posées par l'expertise et le capital social des audités. En se concentrant sur les capacités d'agent des audités—c'est‐à‐dire leurs capacités à exercer consciemment une influence sur le cours des événements—les auteurs réinterprètent les pressions exercées par les clients sur les auditeurs comme étant le produit d'actions stratégiques et traitent des répercussions importantes de ces actions sur le risque lié à l'indépendance.

Suggested Citation

  • Laurence Daoust & Bertrand Malsch, 2020. "When the Client Is A Former Auditor: Auditees' Expert Knowledge and Social Capital as Threats to Staff Auditors' Operational Independence†," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(3), pages 1333-1369, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:37:y:2020:i:3:p:1333-1369
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12582
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Nordin, Ingrid Gustafsson, 2023. "Narratives of internal audit: The Sisyphean work of becoming “independent”," CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ACCOUNTING, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).

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