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The Effect of Risk Factor Disclosures on the Pricing of Credit Default Swaps

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  • Tzu‐Ting Chiu
  • Yuyan Guan
  • Jeong‐Bon Kim

Abstract

This study examines the relation between narrative risk disclosures in mandatory reports and the pricing of credit risk. In particular, we investigate whether and how the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) mandate of risk factor disclosures (RFDs) affects credit default swap (CDS) spreads. Based on the theory of Duffie and Lando (2001), we predict and find that CDS spreads decrease significantly after RFDs are made available in 10‐K/10‐Q filings. These results suggest that RFDs improve information transparency about the firm's underlying risk, thereby reducing the information risk premium in CDS spreads. The content analysis further reveals that disclosures pertinent to financial and idiosyncratic risk are especially relevant to credit investors. In cross‐sectional analyses, we document that RFDs are more useful for evaluating the business prospects and default risk of firms with greater information uncertainty/asymmetry. Overall, our findings imply that the SEC requirement for adding a risk factor section to periodic reports enhances the transparency of firm risk and facilitates credit investors in evaluating the credit quality of the firm. L'incidence de l'information relative aux facteurs de risque sur l'établissement du prix des swaps sur défaillance Les auteurs étudient la relation entre les informations explicatives relatives au risque figurant dans les rapports obligatoires et la valorisation du risque de crédit. Ils se demandent en particulier si l'obligation d'information relative aux facteurs de risque imposée par la SEC influe sur les écarts de swap sur défaillance. En s'appuyant sur la théorie de Duffie et Lando (2001), les auteurs formulent et confirment l'hypothèse selon laquelle les écarts de swap sur défaillance diminuent sensiblement après la communication d'information sur les facteurs de risque dans les déclarations 10‐K ou 10‐Q. Ces résultats semblent indiquer que l'information sur les facteurs de risque améliore la transparence en ce qui a trait au risque sous‐jacent de l'entreprise, ce qui réduit la prime de risque liée à l'information dans les écarts de swap sur défaillance. Une analyse de contenu révèle en outre que les informations concernant le risque financier et le risque idiosyncratique sont particulièrement pertinentes pour les investisseurs en titres de créance. En procédant à des analyses transversales, les auteurs recueillent des données démontrant que l'information sur les facteurs de risque est plus utile dans l'évaluation des perspectives économiques et du risque de défaillance des entreprises présentant une incertitude ou une asymétrie informationnelle plus grande. Dans l'ensemble, leurs constatations supposent que l'exigence de la SEC quant à l'ajout d'une section sur les facteurs de risque dans les rapports périodiques améliore la transparence de l'information sur le risque d'entreprise et facilite la tâche des investisseurs en titres de créance dans l'évaluation du degré de solvabilité de l'entreprise.

Suggested Citation

  • Tzu‐Ting Chiu & Yuyan Guan & Jeong‐Bon Kim, 2018. "The Effect of Risk Factor Disclosures on the Pricing of Credit Default Swaps," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(4), pages 2191-2224, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:2191-2224
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12362
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    Cited by:

    1. Yang, Shanxiang & Liu, Zhechen & Wang, Xinjie, 2020. "News sentiment, credit spreads, and information asymmetry," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    2. Qian, Kun & Shi, Bingjie & Song, Yunling & Wu, Hao, 2023. "ESG performance and loan contracting in an emerging market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    3. Jeong‐Bon Kim & Jeff J. Wang & Eliza Xia Zhang, 2021. "Does real earnings smoothing reduce investors’ perceived risk?," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(9-10), pages 1560-1595, October.
    4. Hu, Nan & Liang, Peng & Liu, Ling & Zhu, Lu, 2022. "The bullwhip effect and credit default swap market: A study based on firm-specific bullwhip effect measure," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    5. Peng Liang & Nan Hu & Ling Liu & Ting Zhang, 2023. "Managerial tone and investors' hedging activities: Evidence from credit default swaps," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(4), pages 3971-3998, December.
    6. Zhang, Heng-Guo & CAO, Tingting & Li, Houxuan & Xu, Tiantian, 2021. "Dynamic measurement of news-driven information friction in China's carbon market: Theory and evidence," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    7. Jing Chen & Elaine Henry & Xi Jiang, 2023. "Is Cybersecurity Risk Factor Disclosure Informative? Evidence from Disclosures Following a Data Breach," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 187(1), pages 199-224, September.
    8. Xu, Xiaodong & Mu, Yayu & Wang, Juan, 2023. "Corporate risk and financial asset holdings," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    9. Andreas Seebeck & Julia Vetter, 2022. "Not Just a Gender Numbers Game: How Board Gender Diversity Affects Corporate Risk Disclosure," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 177(2), pages 395-420, May.

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