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Regulation and the Valuation Relevance of Book Value and Earnings: Evidence from the United States

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  • EMEKA T. NWAEZE

Abstract

Electric utilities in the United States are subject to a cost†plus normal profits pricing that is designed to align the market value of equity with the balance sheet book value. Perfect alignment implies the equality of the market and book values. Extant empirical evidence suggests that, for these utilities, actual cost/profit recovery does not follow a pure cost†plus pricing, raising the prospect that income statement items contribute to the determination of market value. What is not obvious is the extent to which the noted departure from pure cost†plus pricing results in misalignment of the market and book values, or the relative contribution of income statement items to the valuation of electric utility shares. This study pursues this question, using benchmark results for a sample of manufacturing firms to highlight the degree of market†to†book alignment for regulated and competitive firms. The results show a considerable alignment of the market and book values for utilities. In examining the relevance of book value and income statement items in the determination of market value, it is found that the contribution of earnings level to explaining market value diminishes markedly in the presence of book value for electric utilities, and the contribution of earnings change to explaining returns diminishes markedly in the presence of earnings levels. Earnings level complements book value in explaining market value for manufacturing firms, while earnings change complements earnings level in explaining returns. The results further show that the market and accounting values exhibit pronounced misalignments in returns†earnings models, especially for utilities.

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  • Emeka T. Nwaeze, 1998. "Regulation and the Valuation Relevance of Book Value and Earnings: Evidence from the United States," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(4), pages 547-573, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:15:y:1998:i:4:p:547-573
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1911-3846.1998.tb00571.x
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    Cited by:

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    2. Dhiaa Shamki & Azhar Abdul Rahman, 2011. "Net Income, Book Value and Cash Flows: The Value Relevance in Jordanian Economic Sectors," International Journal of Business and Social Research, LAR Center Press, vol. 1(1), pages 123-135, December.
    3. Li Dang & Kevin F. Brown & B.D. McCullough, 2011. "Apparent audit failures and value relevance of earnings and book value," Review of Accounting and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 10(2), pages 134-154, May.
    4. repec:kap:iaecre:v:15:y:2009:i:1:p:88-101 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Lorenzo Simoni & Laura Bini & Francesco Giunta, 2019. "The effects of business model regulation on the value relevance of traditional performance measures. Some evidence from UK companies," FINANCIAL REPORTING, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2019(1), pages 83-111.
    6. Brown, Stephen & Lo, Kin & Lys, Thomas, 1999. "Use of R2 in accounting research: measuring changes in value relevance over the last four decades," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(2), pages 83-115, December.
    7. Arturo Leccadito & Stefania Veltri, 2015. "A regime switching Ohlson model," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 49(5), pages 2015-2035, September.
    8. Koji Ota, 2010. "The Value Relevance of Management Forecasts and Their Impact on Analysts' Forecasts: Empirical Evidence From Japan," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 46(1), pages 28-59, March.

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