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Location Patterns of US Industrial Research: Mimetic Isomorphism and the Emergence of Geographic Charisma

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  • Stephen Appold

Abstract

Appold S. J. (2005) Locational patterns of US industrial research: mimetic isomorphism and the emergence of geographic charisma, Regional Studies39, 17-39. The emergence of new industrial spaces over the past several decades that have radically altered the economic geography of the USA raises questions about the mechanisms responsible for their formation. Existing theories predict either continued concentration or spatial dispersion; none predicts the rise of new geographic agglomerations of establishments. A behavioural theory of agglomeration formation explains the emergence of regionally dispersed, local agglomerations by means of mimetic behaviour. A method for detecting social influence in cross- sectional data is applied to data on the 1985 locations by county of over 10 000 privately owned research laboratories to show that the theoretical model accurately reproduces a key aspect of the existing spatial pattern. The results suggest that laboratories are, to a significant extent, reacting to each other's actions, creating symbolic, rather than functional, communities and that the locus of power determining local growth is diffused among location decision-makers. Appold S. J. (2005) La distribution geographique des centres de recherche industrielle aux Etats-Unis: l'homomorphisme mimetique et la naissance du charisme geographique, Regional Studies39, 17-39. La naissance de nouveaux espaces industriels dans les dernieres decennies, qui ont transforme sensiblement la geographie economique des Etats-Unis, remet en question les mecanismes qui les etayent. Les theories actuelles prevoient une concentration ou une dispersion geographique persistantes; aucune ne prevoit l'essor de nouvelles agglomerations geographiques d'etablissements. Une theorie du comportement qui porte sur le developpement des agglomerations explique la naissance des agglomerations locales, dispersees sur le plan regional, a partir du comportement mimetique. On applique une methode qui cherche a decouvrir l'influence sociale des donnees transversales aux donnees 1985 sur les emplacements, par comte, aupres de plus de 10.000 centres de recherche prives afin de demontrer que le modele theorique reproduit precisement un aspect cle de la distribution geographique actuelle. Les resultats laissent supposer que les centres de recherche reagissent, dans une large mesure, aux actions d'autrui, ce qui finit par la creation de communautes plutot symboliques que fonctionnelles, et que le lieu du pouvoir qui determine la croissance locale se voit diffuser parmi les decideurs. Appold S. J. (2005) Die Standortmuster der industriellen Forschung in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika: mimetischer Isomorphismus, und das Entstehen geographischen Charismas, Regional Studies39, 17-39. Die Entstehung neuer Industrieraume in den letzten Jahrzehnten, welche die Wirtschaftsgeographie der Vereinigten Staaten radikal verandert hat, wirft Fragen uber die Mechanismen auf, die fur ihre Formierung verantwortlich sind. Bereits bestehende Theorien sagen entweder fortschreitende Konzentration oder raumliche Streuung voraus, keine aber das Aufkommen neuer geographischer Ballungen von Unternehmensansiedlungen. Eine Verhaltenstheorie der Ballungsformationen erklart das Auftauchen regional verstreuter, ortlicher Ballungen durch mimetisches Verhalten. Eine Methode zum Aufspuren gesellschaftlicher Einflusse in Querschnittsdaten wird auf nach Grafschaften geordneten Daten der im Jahre 1985 registrierten Standorte von mehr als 10 000 im Privatbesitz befindlichen Forschungslaboratorien angewandt, um zu zeigen, dass das theoretische Modell die wichtigsten Aspekte der vorhandenen raumlichen Muster akkurat wiedergibt. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Laboratorien in signifikantem Masse aufeinander reagieren, und damit eher symbolische als funktionsfahige Gemeinschaften schaffen, und dass der Sitz machtbestimmenden ortlichen Wachstums unter uber Standorte Beschliessenden verteilt auftritt. Appold S. J. (2005) Modelos de localizacion de la investigacion industrial en los Estados Unidos: isomorfismo mimetico, y la aparicion de un carisma geografico, Regional Studies39, 17-39. La aparicion de nuevos espacios industriales que han alterado drasticamente la geografia economica de los Estados Unidos en las ultimas decadas suscita un numero de preguntas sobre cuales son los mecanismos responsables de su formacion. Las teorias existentes predicen o bien una concentracion continuada o una dispersion espacial, pero ninguna de ellas predice la aparicion de nuevas aglomeraciones geograficas de empresas. La aplicacion de una teoria del comportamiento de la formacion de aglomeraciones ofrece una explicacion sobre la aparicion de aglomeraciones que estan dispersas regionalmente y de aglomeraciones locales basadas en un comportamiento mimetico. Con el fin de demostrar que el modelo teorico reproduce de forma precisa uno de los aspectos clave del modelo espacial existente, se aplica un metodo de deteccion de influencia social en datos cruzados a datos correspondientes a las localizaciones por condado de mas de 10 000 laboratorios de investigacion privados en el ano 1985. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que los laboratorios estan, de forma significativa, reaccionando a las acciones que cada uno de ellos lleva a cabo, creando asi comunidades que son mas simbolicas que funcionales, y que el punto central del poder que determina el crecimiento local se ve esparcido entre los tomadores de decisiones en materia de localizacion.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephen Appold, 2005. "Location Patterns of US Industrial Research: Mimetic Isomorphism and the Emergence of Geographic Charisma," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(1), pages 17-39.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:39:y:2005:i:1:p:17-39
    DOI: 10.1080/0034340052000320833
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    Cited by:

    1. Christophe CARRINCAZEAUX, 2009. "Spatial dynamics of innovation (In French)," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2009-21, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).
    2. Ron Boschma & Koen Frenken, 2015. "Evolutionary Economic Geography," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 1518, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised May 2015.
    3. Raphael Suire & Jérome Vicente, 2009. "Why do some places succeed when others decline? A social interaction model of cluster viability," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 9(3), pages 381-404, May.
    4. Ketokivi, Mikko, 2006. "When Does Co-location of Manufacturing and R&D Matter?," Discussion Papers 1051, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.
    5. Joan Crespo & Jérôme Vicente & Frédéric Amblard, 2016. "Micro-behaviors and structural properties of knowledge networks: toward a ‘one size fits one’ cluster policy," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(6), pages 533-552, September.
    6. Nathan, Max, 2022. "Does light touch cluster policy work? Evaluating the tech city programme," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(9).
    7. Elisabet Viladecans-Marsal & Josep-Maria Arauzo-Carod, 2012. "Can a knowledge-based cluster be created? The case of the Barcelona 22@ district," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 91(2), pages 377-400, June.
    8. Raphaël Suire & Jérôme Vicente, 2009. "Clusters for life or life cycles of clusters. From declining to resilient clusters," Post-Print halshs-00460129, HAL.
    9. Koen Frenken & Elena Cefis & Erik Stam, 2020. "Industrial Dynamics and Clusters: A Survey," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(1), pages 10-27, July.
    10. Raphaël Suire & Jérome Vicente & Yan Dala Pria, 2006. "Why some clusters succeed whereas others decline ? Modelling the ambivalent stability properties of clusters," Economics Working Paper Archive (University of Rennes 1 & University of Caen) 200619, Center for Research in Economics and Management (CREM), University of Rennes 1, University of Caen and CNRS.
    11. Peter Mayerhofer & Oliver Fritz & Dieter Pennerstorfer, 2010. "Dritter Bericht zur internationalen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit Wiens," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 42430, February.
    12. Luciana Lazzeretti & Francesco Capone, 2017. "The transformation of the Prato industrial district: an organisational ecology analysis of the co-evolution of Italian and Chinese firms," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 58(1), pages 135-158, January.
    13. Mathijs De Vaan & Ron Boschma & Koen Frenken, 2013. "Clustering and firm performance in project-based industries: the case of the global video game industry , 1972--2007," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 13(6), pages 965-991, November.
    14. Jérome VICENTE (LEREPS-GRES) & Yan Dalla PRIA (CSO – CNRS) & Raphaël SUIRE (CREM – CNRS), 2006. "The Ambivalent Role of Mimetic Behaviors in Proximity Dynamics: Evidences on the French “Silicon Sentier”," Cahiers du GRES (2002-2009) 2006-02, Groupement de Recherches Economiques et Sociales.
    15. Joan Crespo & Frédéric Amblard & Jérôme Vicente, 2015. "Simulating micro behaviours and structural properties of knowledge networks: toward a “one size fits one” cluster policy," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 1503, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Feb 2015.
    16. Elisabet Viladecans-Marsal & Josep-Maria Arauzo-Carod, 2012. "Can a knowledge-based cluster be created? The case of the Barcelona 22@ district," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 91(2), pages 377-400, June.

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