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Oligopoly behaviour in the Trans-Tasman air travel market: The case of kiwi international

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  • David Haugh
  • Tim Hazledine

Abstract

The duopoly of Air New Zealand and Qantas serving the Trans-Tasman air travel market was disturbed in August 1995 by the entry of a small former charter airline, Kiwi International, based in Hamilton, NZ. Kiwi exited into liquidation in September 1996. The intervening thirteen months saw the entry of a 'fighting brand' no-frills airline, Freedom Air, set up by Air New Zealand to compete directly with Kiwi, and then a general price war initiated by Qantas, which directly preceded Kiwi's demise. Was the behaviour of the incumbent duopolists 'predatory', in the sense of being designed to drive the new entrant from the market? Standard tests based on comparisons of price and costs are inconclusive. The innovation of this paper is to model the oligopolistic behaviour of the firms before and after entry. It is found that the duopolists became substantially more 'competitive' during the price war period, consistent with an interpretation of intent to predate.

Suggested Citation

  • David Haugh & Tim Hazledine, 1999. "Oligopoly behaviour in the Trans-Tasman air travel market: The case of kiwi international," New Zealand Economic Papers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(1), pages 1-25.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:nzecpp:v:33:y:1999:i:1:p:1-25
    DOI: 10.1080/00779959909544295
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Black, Peter, 1997. "Termination Report: Improved Methods in Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Economics and Information Management in Australia and Thailand," Animal Health Economics 164592, University of Queensland, School of Economics.
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    1. Tim Hazledine, 2004. "Application of the public benefit test to the air New Zealand/Qantas case," New Zealand Economic Papers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(2), pages 279-298.
    2. Xiaowen Fu & Mark Lijesen & Tae H. Oum, 2006. "An Analysis of Airport Pricing and Regulation in the Presence of Competition Between Full Service Airlines and Low Cost Carriers," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, University of Bath, vol. 40(3), pages 425-447, September.
    3. Lindsey, Robin & West, Douglas S., 2003. "Predatory pricing in differentiated products retail markets," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 21(4), pages 551-592, April.
    4. Justin P. Johnson & David P. Myatt, 2003. "Multiproduct Quality Competition: Fighting Brands and Product Line Pruning," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 93(3), pages 748-774, June.
    5. Hazledine, Tim, 2006. "Competition Policy for the Trans-Tasman Air Travel Market: the 2005 ACT Decision and its Implications," Working Paper Series 3836, Victoria University of Wellington, The New Zealand Institute for the Study of Competition and Regulation.
    6. Wang, Kun & Tsui, Wai Hong Kan & Li, Lan-Bing & Lei, Zheng & Fu, Xiaowen, 2020. "Entry pattern of low-cost carriers in New Zealand - The impact of domestic and trans-Tasman market factors," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 36-45.
    7. Hazledine, Tim, 2006. "Pricing and Competition in Australasian Air Travel Markets," Working Paper Series 3840, Victoria University of Wellington, The New Zealand Institute for the Study of Competition and Regulation.

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