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Supplying crop biotechnology to the poor: Opportunities and constraints

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  • Carl Pray
  • Anwar Naseem

Abstract

Unlike the public-sector research that launched the Green Revolution, private firms based in industrialised countries have done the majority of agricultural biotechnology research and almost all commercialisation of genetically modified (GM) crops. This paper examines consequences of the emergence of a few large companies as leaders in the commercialisation of biotechnology by addressing issues of access to technology, costs of conducting research and distribution of economic benefits. To provide context, we first review the status of crop-biotechnology research globally: who is benefiting from the technology? We then analyse the role of intellectual property rights, market access and industry concentration, public sector research and GM crop biosafety regulations in determining observed R&D by firms. The paper recommends policy measures that allow transfer of current technology to the poor and generate more biotechnology research focused on problems of the poor.

Suggested Citation

  • Carl Pray & Anwar Naseem, 2007. "Supplying crop biotechnology to the poor: Opportunities and constraints," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(1), pages 192-217.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevst:v:43:y:2007:i:1:p:192-217
    DOI: 10.1080/00220380601055676
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    Cited by:

    1. Takeshima Hiroyuki & Gruère Guillaume P, 2011. "Pressure Group Competition and GMO Regulations in Sub-Saharan Africa - Insights from the Becker Model," Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, De Gruyter, vol. 9(1), pages 1-19, July.
    2. Marin A. & Stubrin L.I., 2015. "Innovation in natural resources : New opportunities and new challenges. The case of the Argentinean seed industry," MERIT Working Papers 2015-015, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    3. Arza, Valeria & van Zwanenberg, Patrick, 2014. "The Politics of Technological Upgrading: International Transfer to and Adaptation of GM Cotton in Argentina," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 521-534.
    4. Subramanian, Arjunan & Qaim, Matin, 2009. "Rural Poverty and Employment Effects of Bt Cotton in India," 2009 Conference, August 16-22, 2009, Beijing, China 50555, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    5. Paulina Kubisz & Graham Dalton & Edward Majewski & Kinga Pogodzińska, 2021. "Facts and Myths about GM Food—The Case of Poland," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-16, August.
    6. Georgina Catacora-Vargas & Rosa Binimelis & Anne I. Myhr & Brian Wynne, 2018. "Socio-economic research on genetically modified crops: a study of the literature," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 35(2), pages 489-513, June.
    7. Ramasundaram, P. & Suresh, A. & Samuel, Josily & Wankhade, Shwetal, 2014. "Welfare Gains from Application of First Generation Biotechnology in Indian Agriculture: The Case of Bt Cotton," Agricultural Economics Research Review, Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), vol. 27(1).
    8. Mercedes Campi & Alessandro Nuvolari, 2021. "Intellectual Property Rights and Agricultural Development: Evidence from a Worldwide Index of IPRs in Agriculture (1961-2018)," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(4), pages 650-668, April.
    9. Mane, Ranjitsinh, 2015. "Acceptance and Use of Genetically Modified Rice in India," Monographs: Applied Economics, AgEcon Search, number 274818, July.
    10. Kym Anderson, 2016. "Agricultural Trade, Policy Reforms, and Global Food Security," Palgrave Studies in Agricultural Economics and Food Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, number 978-1-137-46925-0, December.
    11. Kurup, Suresh A. & Reddy, A. Amarender & Singh, Dharm Raj & Praveen, K.V, 2021. "Risks in Rainfed Agriculture and Adaptation Strategies in India: Profile and Socio-Economic Correlates," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315127, International Association of Agricultural Economists.

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