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Exploring the Role of Socio-Demographic Characteristics on Gendered Social Exclusion: Empirical Evidence from Older Adults in Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Ahmad Al-Rashid

    (Universiti Malaya)

  • Muhammad Nadeem

    (Yokohama National University)

  • Tiziana Campisi

    (Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria)

  • Iftikhar Ahmad

    (Mirpur University of Science and Technology)

Abstract

Beyond the concerns associated with marginalised groups’ underrepresentation, we posited that socio-demographic aspects and associated stigma provoke gendered social exclusion among older adults. Although these linkages have been frequently acknowledged, concrete evidence remains complicated. In a sample of 384 older adults from various administrative zones of the Lahore metropolitan, we examined that gendered social exclusion is typically connected with socio-demographic stereotypes. Statistics revealed that 72.3% of older adults reported social exclusion. Homemakers and non-workers were more prone to experience social exclusion than employed respondents. Findings further discovered that the social exclusion rates were more significant among older women (93.1%) than older men (47.5%). Among older women, those involved in some employment, having a personal income, living in higher-income households and joint families with their children or peers, and having access to a private car were less possibly socially excluded. The substantial gender aspect of social exclusion appears to be provoked by a gender-based socio-cultural context, limiting older women’s participation in daily socio-economic pursuits. Finally, possible consequences of increased social exclusion among older women and strategies to cater to this emerging issue are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Ahmad Al-Rashid & Muhammad Nadeem & Tiziana Campisi & Iftikhar Ahmad, 2023. "Exploring the Role of Socio-Demographic Characteristics on Gendered Social Exclusion: Empirical Evidence from Older Adults in Pakistan," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 169(3), pages 847-862, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:169:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s11205-023-03184-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-023-03184-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bonsang, Eric & Klein, Tobias J., 2012. "Retirement and subjective well-being," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 83(3), pages 311-329.
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    3. Corinna E. Löckenhoff & Margaret A. Cook & Jason F. Anderson & Vivian Zayas, 2012. "Age Differences in Responses to Progressive Social Exclusion: The Role of Cognition and Socioemotional Functioning," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 68(1), pages 13-22.
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