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Shadows of the Past in International Cooperation: Collaboration Profiles of the Top Five Producers of Science

Author

Listed:
  • Michel Zitt

    (Observatoire des Sciences et des Techniques (OST)
    LERECO, INRA)

  • Elise Bassecoulard

    (LERECO, INRA)

  • Yoshiko Okubo

    (Observatoire des Sciences et des Techniques (OST))

Abstract

This article aims at a characterization of the cooperation behavior among five large scientific countries (France, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom and United States of America) from 1986 to 1996. It looks at the cooperation profiles of these countries using classical measures such as the Probabilistic Affinity. The results show the major influence which historical, cultural and linguistic proximities may have on patterns of cooperation, with few changes over the period of time studied.A lack of specific affinities among the three largest European countries is revealed, and this contrasts with the strong linkage demonstrated between United States and Japan. The ensuing discussion raises some questions as to the process of Europeanization in science. The intensity of bilateral cooperation linkages is then studied with regard to field specialization by country, and this analysis yields no general patterns at the scale studied. Specific bilateral behaviors are also analyzed.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Zitt & Elise Bassecoulard & Yoshiko Okubo, 2000. "Shadows of the Past in International Cooperation: Collaboration Profiles of the Top Five Producers of Science," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 47(3), pages 627-657, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:scient:v:47:y:2000:i:3:d:10.1023_a:1005632319799
    DOI: 10.1023/A:1005632319799
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hariolf Grupp, 1998. "Foundations of the Economics of Innovation," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 1390.
    2. E. Bassecoulard & M. Zitt, 1999. "Indicators in a research institute: A multi-level classification of scientific journals," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 44(3), pages 323-345, March.
    3. Zitt, M. & Barre, R. & Sigogneau, A. & Laville, F., 1999. "Territorial concentration and evolution of science and technology activities in the European Union: a descriptive analysis," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 28(5), pages 545-562, June.
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