A robust possibilistic programming approach for blood supply chain network design in disaster relief considering congestion

We propose a fuzzy-robust multi-objective optimization model for blood supply chain network design in disaster relief. The problem aims to minimize (1) the expected total cost of the system, (2) the implicit cost associated with patients’ waiting in hospitals, and (3) the unsatisfied demands. To model patients’ waiting and to improve the effectiveness of relief activities by decreasing congestion in hospitals, a queuing framework is utilized. A robust possibilistic programming approach is applied to capture the epistemic uncertainty of parameters and provide risk-averse solutions for policymakers. Given the conflicting objectives sought, we use multi-objective decision-making techniques, including the Torabi and Hasini approach and $$\varepsilon$$ ε -constrained method. Experimentation on a real-life case study confirms that the proposed framework can help decision-makers adopt suitable strategies for planning blood collection and delivery in emergencies. The results obtained show that substantial improvements in the service quality could be achieved at modest increases in the network cost by properly locating facilities using our model. We also observed that both the service level and the service quality remain relatively stable over a wide range of model parameter values, highlighting the robust nature of the proposed approach. Based on our findings, we recommend implementing risk-pooling strategies, setting realistic service level targets, and incorporating service equity as an objective. Although our model accounts for many realistic considerations, it overlooks some relevant issues like network disruptions to remain tractable, which is worthy of further investigation in future research.