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A comprehensive review on structural tsunami countermeasures

Author

Listed:
  • Jan Oetjen

    (RWTH Aachen University)

  • Vallam Sundar

    (IIT Madras)

  • Sriram Venkatachalam

    (IIT Madras)

  • Klaus Reicherter

    (RWTH Aachen University)

  • Max Engel

    (Heidelberg University)

  • Holger Schüttrumpf

    (RWTH Aachen University)

  • Sannasi Annamalaisamy Sannasiraj

    (IIT Madras)

Abstract

Tsunamis pose a substantial threat to coastal communities around the globe. To counter their effects, several hard and soft mitigation measures are applied, the choice of which essentially depends on regional expectations, historical experiences and economic capabilities. These countermeasures encompass hard measures to physically prevent tsunami impacts such as different types of seawalls or offshore breakwaters, as well as soft measures such as long-term tsunami hazard assessment, tsunami education, evacuation plans, early-warning systems or coastal afforestation. Whist hard countermeasures generally aim at reducing the inundation level and distance, soft countermeasures focus mainly on enhanced resilience and decreased vulnerability or nature-based wave impact mitigation. In this paper, the efficacy of hard countermeasures is evaluated through a comprehensive literature review. The recent large-scale tsunami events facilitate the assessment of performance characteristics of countermeasures and related damaging processes by in-situ observations. An overview and comparison of such damages and dependencies are given and new approaches for mitigating tsunami impacts are presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Jan Oetjen & Vallam Sundar & Sriram Venkatachalam & Klaus Reicherter & Max Engel & Holger Schüttrumpf & Sannasi Annamalaisamy Sannasiraj, 2022. "A comprehensive review on structural tsunami countermeasures," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 113(3), pages 1419-1449, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:113:y:2022:i:3:d:10.1007_s11069-022-05367-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-022-05367-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Bushra Qayyum & Atiq Ahmed & Ihsan Ullah & Syed Attique Shah, 2022. "A Fuzzy-Logic Approach for Optimized and Cost-Effective Early Warning System for Tsunami Detection," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-15, November.

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