IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/jtrsec/v13y2020i3d10.1007_s12198-020-00223-1.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Appraisal of a Ship’s Cybersecurity efficiency: the case of piracy

Author

Listed:
  • Hristos Karahalios

    (Pelorus, Maritime Education Department)

Abstract

New information technologies are beneficial for ship operations in terms of safety and utilisation of company resources. However, new cybercrime threats have emergedaffecting, both ship safety and security that need to be assessed and evaluated. At the moment, actions of the maritime industry to keep pace dealing with such threats are slow when compared with other business sectors. As a high concern, maritime pirates could take advantage of cybersecurity breaches to monitor ship activity and gain information for potential protective failures. In 2021 companies and seafarers should be able to demonstrate knowledge and safeguard policies of their companies. Nevertheless, there is limited discussion on how companies will educate seafarers for existing threats. Therefore, in this study, a risk-based methodology is proposed for evaluation of cybersecurity threats in the context of a piracy attack. STPA-SafeSec’s analysis is used to identify security threats, and FAHP is utilised for evaluating the severity of each security constraint. Audits on 15 ships with 315 seafarers indicated that there are significant security gaps mainly due to lack of awareness from operators and seafarers. However, physical security and network protection that already apply to ships are significant security strengths.

Suggested Citation

  • Hristos Karahalios, 2020. "Appraisal of a Ship’s Cybersecurity efficiency: the case of piracy," Journal of Transportation Security, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 179-201, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jtrsec:v:13:y:2020:i:3:d:10.1007_s12198-020-00223-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s12198-020-00223-1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12198-020-00223-1
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s12198-020-00223-1?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Şaban Emre Kartal & Özkan Uğurlu & Mehmet Kaptan & Yasin Arslanoğlu & Jin Wang & Sean Loughney, 2019. "An analysis and comparison of multinational officers of the watch in the global maritime labor market," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(6), pages 757-780, August.
    2. Wang, Likun & Yang, Zaili, 2018. "Bayesian network modelling and analysis of accident severity in waterborne transportation: A case study in China," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 277-289.
    3. Pristrom, Sascha & Yang, Zaili & Wang, Jin & Yan, Xinping, 2016. "A novel flexible model for piracy and robbery assessment of merchant ship operations," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 196-211.
    4. Kyriakidis, Miltos & Majumdar, Arnab & Ochieng, Washington Y., 2018. "The human performance railway operational index—a novel approach to assess human performance for railway operations," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 226-243.
    5. Roberts, Fred S., 2019. "From Football to Oil Rigs: Risk Assessment for Combined Cyber and Physical Attacks," Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 10(2), pages 251-273, July.
    6. Kimberly Tam & Kevin D. Jones, 2018. "Maritime cybersecurity policy: the scope and impact of evolving technology on international shipping," Journal of Cyber Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(2), pages 147-164, May.
    7. Lin Ding & Zhenfeng Shao & Hanchao Zhang & Cong Xu & Dewen Wu, 2016. "A Comprehensive Evaluation of Urban Sustainable Development in China Based on the TOPSIS-Entropy Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-23, August.
    8. Wróbel, Krzysztof & Montewka, Jakub & Kujala, Pentti, 2018. "Towards the development of a system-theoretic model for safety assessment of autonomous merchant vessels," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 209-224.
    9. Germond, Basil, 2015. "The geopolitical dimension of maritime security," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 137-142.
    10. Soheila Albooyeh & Farzad Yaghmaie, 2019. "Evaluation of knowledge management model in construction companies using the fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS," International Journal of Business Excellence, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 18(1), pages 64-97.
    11. Ahokas, Jenna & Kiiski, Tuomas & Malmsten, Jarmo & Ojala, Lauri M., 2017. "Cybersecurity in ports: A conceptual approach," Chapters from the Proceedings of the Hamburg International Conference of Logistics (HICL), in: Kersten, Wolfgang & Blecker, Thorsten & Ringle, Christian M. (ed.), Digitalization in Supply Chain Management and Logistics: Smart and Digital Solutions for an Industry 4.0 Environment. Proceedings of the Hamburg Inter, volume 23, pages 343-359, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute of Business Logistics and General Management.
    12. Ho, William & Ma, Xin, 2018. "The state-of-the-art integrations and applications of the analytic hierarchy process," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 267(2), pages 399-414.
    13. TAVANA, Madjid & HATAMI-MARBINI, Adel, 2011. "A group AHP-TOPSIS framework for human spaceflight mission planning at NASA," LIDAM Reprints CORE 2362, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    14. Zhuohua Qu & Chengpeng Wan & Zaili Yang & Paul Tae-Woo Lee, 2018. "A Discourse of Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Approaches," International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, in: Paul Tae-Woo Lee & Zaili Yang (ed.), Multi-Criteria Decision Making in Maritime Studies and Logistics, chapter 0, pages 7-29, Springer.
    15. Sujit Singh & Ezutah Udoncy Olugu & Siti Nurmaya Musa & Abu Bakar Mahat, 2018. "Fuzzy-based sustainability evaluation method for manufacturing SMEs using balanced scorecard framework," Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 1-18, January.
    16. Chunguang Bai & Ahmet Satir & Joseph Sarkis, 2019. "Investing in lean manufacturing practices: an environmental and operational perspective," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(4), pages 1037-1051, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Aldo Hernandez-Suarez & Gabriel Sanchez-Perez & Linda Karina Toscano-Medina & Hector Manuel Perez-Meana & Jose Portillo-Portillo & Jesus Olivares-Mercado, 2023. "Methodological Approach for Identifying Websites with Infringing Content via Text Transformers and Dense Neural Networks," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-31, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hristos Karahalios, 2021. "Contribution of PSC Authorities to Ship Accident Prevention," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Chang, Chia-Hsun & Kontovas, Christos & Yu, Qing & Yang, Zaili, 2021. "Risk assessment of the operations of maritime autonomous surface ships," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    3. Jiang, Meizhi & Lu, Jing, 2020. "The analysis of maritime piracy occurred in Southeast Asia by using Bayesian network," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    4. Li, Huanhuan & Ren, Xujie & Yang, Zaili, 2023. "Data-driven Bayesian network for risk analysis of global maritime accidents," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    5. Fan, Shiqi & Blanco-Davis, Eduardo & Yang, Zaili & Zhang, Jinfen & Yan, Xinping, 2020. "Incorporation of human factors into maritime accident analysis using a data-driven Bayesian network," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    6. Çakır, Erkan & Fışkın, Remzi & Sevgili, Coşkan, 2021. "Investigation of tugboat accidents severity: An application of association rule mining algorithms," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    7. Kaptan, Mehmet & Uğurlu, Özkan & Wang, Jin, 2021. "The effect of nonconformities encountered in the use of technology on the occurrence of collision, contact and grounding accidents," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    8. Shiqi Fan & Zaili Yang & Eduardo Blanco-Davis & Jinfen Zhang & Xinping Yan, 2020. "Analysis of maritime transport accidents using Bayesian networks," Journal of Risk and Reliability, , vol. 234(3), pages 439-454, June.
    9. Jiang, Dan & Wu, Bing & Cheng, Zhiyou & Xue, Jie & van Gelder, P.H.A.J.M., 2021. "Towards a probabilistic model for estimation of grounding accidents in fluctuating backwater zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    10. Pin Li & Jinsuo Zhang, 2019. "Is China’s Energy Supply Sustainable? New Research Model Based on the Exponential Smoothing and GM(1,1) Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-30, January.
    11. Jelena Lukić & Mirjana Misita & Dragan D. Milanović & Ankica Borota-Tišma & Aleksandra Janković, 2022. "Determining the Risk Level in Client Analysis by Applying Fuzzy Logic in Insurance Sector," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(18), pages 1-17, September.
    12. Sengazhani Murugesan Vadivel & Aloysius Henry Sequeira & Robert Rajkumar Sakkariyas & Kirubaharan Boobalan, 2022. "Impact of lean service, workplace environment, and social practices on the operational performance of India post service industry," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 315(2), pages 2219-2244, August.
    13. Yan Jia & Junfeng Wang & Xin Han & Haiqi Tang & Xiaoling Xiao, 2023. "Application and Performance Evaluation of Industrial Internet Platform in Power Generation Equipment Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-30, October.
    14. Yang, Zhisen & Yang, Zaili & Yin, Jingbo, 2018. "Realising advanced risk-based port state control inspection using data-driven Bayesian networks," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 38-56.
    15. Penglong Wang & Yao Wei & Fanglei Zhong & Xiaoyu Song & Bao Wang & Qinhua Wang, 2022. "Evaluation of Agricultural Water Resources Carrying Capacity and Its Influencing Factors: A Case Study of Townships in the Arid Region of Northwest China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-24, May.
    16. Qunxi Gong & Min Chen & Xianli Zhao & Zhigeng Ji, 2019. "Sustainable Urban Development System Measurement Based on Dissipative Structure Theory, the Grey Entropy Method and Coupling Theory: A Case Study in Chengdu, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, January.
    17. Anis Assad Neto & Jessyca Sampaio & Silvana Pereira Detro & Fernando Deschamps & Eduardo Alves Portela Santos & Eduardo de Freitas Rocha Loures, 2021. "Reconciling process flexibility and standardization: a case study in the automotive industry," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 507-524, December.
    18. Ngoc Thach Pham & Anh Duc Do & Quang Vinh Nguyen & Van Loi Ta & Thi Thanh Binh Dao & Dieu Linh Ha & Xuan Truong Hoang, 2021. "Research on Knowledge Management Models at Universities Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-15, January.
    19. Khastgir, Siddartha & Brewerton, Simon & Thomas, John & Jennings, Paul, 2021. "Systems Approach to Creating Test Scenarios for Automated Driving Systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    20. Antão, P. & Sun, S. & Teixeira, A.P. & Guedes Soares, C., 2023. "Quantitative assessment of ship collision risk influencing factors from worldwide accident and fleet data," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:jtrsec:v:13:y:2020:i:3:d:10.1007_s12198-020-00223-1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.