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Beyond the Usual Suspects and Towards Politicisation: Immigration in Quebec’s Party Manifestos, 1991–2018

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  • Catherine Xhardez

    (Concordia University
    Concordia University)

  • Mireille Paquet

    (Concordia University)

Abstract

Immigration is increasingly politicised: issues surrounding immigration are more salient and party immigration positions are becoming more polarised. Literature on this topic has overwhelmingly focused on Europe and the USA, while identifying radical right parties and particular social dynamics as the main drivers of politicisation. In this paper, we consider a case that exhibits growing politicisation, yet does not fit existing measures and explanation of this phenomenon: Quebec, Canada. Considering party manifestos between 1991 and 2018, we ask: how have Quebec major political parties treated immigration policy issues over time? We argue that Quebec’s immigration partisan space is organised by a liberal-restrictive immigration policy continuum and a jurisdictional axis. Mapping provincial political parties’ positions, we document a stable clustering towards liberal policy positions but a clear cleavage on the jurisdictional axis. We show that the emergence in 2012 of a highly moderate centre right party—the Coalition Avenir Québec—broke with these established positions and drove a politicisation of the issue. These results demonstrate the importance of considering alternative drivers to explain the politicisation of immigration, as well as of paying attention to the politics of immigration in contexts where pro-immigration discourses dominate.

Suggested Citation

  • Catherine Xhardez & Mireille Paquet, 2021. "Beyond the Usual Suspects and Towards Politicisation: Immigration in Quebec’s Party Manifestos, 1991–2018," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 673-690, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:joimai:v:22:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s12134-020-00764-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s12134-020-00764-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sarah Meyer & Sieglinde Rosenberger, 2015. "Just a Shadow? The Role of Radical Right Parties in the Politicization of Immigration, 1995–2009," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 3(2), pages 1-17.
    2. Abou-Chadi, Tarik, 2016. "Niche Party Success and Mainstream Party Policy Shifts – How Green and Radical Right Parties Differ in Their Impact," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 46(2), pages 417-436, April.
    3. Birkland, Thomas A., 1998. "Focusing Events, Mobilization, and Agenda Setting," Journal of Public Policy, Cambridge University Press, vol. 18(1), pages 53-74, January.
    4. Grande, Edgar & Schwarzbözl, Tobias & Fatke, Matthias, 2019. "Politicizing immigration in Western Europe," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 26(10), pages 1444-1463.
    5. Mathias Czaika & Hein De Haas, 2013. "The Effectiveness of Immigration Policies," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 39(3), pages 487-508, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Charles Gyan & Ginette Lafreniere & Lamine Diallo & Stacey Wilson-Forsberg & Jen Hinkkala, 2024. "Breaking into the Labor Market in the Face of Racism and Oppression: Resiliency and Well-Being of Highly Skilled African Immigrants in Quebec," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 25(4), pages 2019-2047, December.
    2. Parent-Chartier, Clothilde & Santamaria, Neal & Van Haren, Ian, 2023. "Civil society organizations and collective sponsorship of refugees in Quebec," SocArXiv em6z2, Center for Open Science.
    3. Parent-Chartier, Clothilde & Santamaria, Neal & Van Haren, Ian, 2023. "Civil society organizations and collective sponsorship of refugees in Quebec," SocArXiv em6z2_v1, Center for Open Science.

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