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Does algorithmic filtering lead to filter bubbles in online tourist information searches?

Author

Listed:
  • Yaqi Gong

    (Pennsylvania State University)

  • Ashley Schroeder

    (University of South Carolina)

  • Bing Pan

    (Pennsylvania State University)

  • S. Shyam Sundar

    (Pennsylvania State University)

  • Andrew J. Mowen

    (Pennsylvania State University)

Abstract

When tourists search information online, personalization algorithms tend to contextually filter the vast amount of information and provide them with a subset of information to increase relevance and avoid overload. However, limited attention is paid to the dark side of these algorithms. An influential critique of personalization algorithms is the filter bubble effect, a hypothesis that people are isolated in their own information bubble based on their prior online activities, resulting in narrowed perspectives and fewer discovery of new experiences. An important question, therefore, is whether algorithmic filtering leads to filter bubbles. We empirically explore this question in an online tourist information search with the three-dimensional ‘cascade’ tourist decision-making model in a two-step experiment. We train two virtual agents with polarized YouTube videos and manipulate them to conduct travel information searches from both off-site and on-site geolocations in Google Search. The first three pages of search results are collected and analyzed with two mathematical metrics and follow-up content analysis. The results do not show significant differences between the two virtual agents with polarized prior training. However, when search geolocations change from off-site to on-site, 39–69% of the search results vary. Additionally, this difference varies between search terms. In summary, our data show that while algorithmic filtering is robust in retrieving relevant search results, it does not necessarily show evidence of filter bubbles. This study provides theoretical and methodological implications to guide future research on filter bubbles and contextual personalization in online tourist information searches. Marketing implications are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Yaqi Gong & Ashley Schroeder & Bing Pan & S. Shyam Sundar & Andrew J. Mowen, 2024. "Does algorithmic filtering lead to filter bubbles in online tourist information searches?," Information Technology & Tourism, Springer, vol. 26(1), pages 183-217, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:infott:v:26:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1007_s40558-023-00279-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s40558-023-00279-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pan, Bing, 2015. "The power of search engine ranking for tourist destinations," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 79-87.
    2. Nagpal, Mayank & Petersen, J. Andrew, 2021. "Keyword Selection Strategies in Search Engine Optimization: How Relevant is Relevance?," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 97(4), pages 746-763.
    3. Xiang, Zheng & Magnini, Vincent P. & Fesenmaier, Daniel R., 2015. "Information technology and consumer behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 244-249.
    4. Xiang, Zheng & Gretzel, Ulrike, 2010. "Role of social media in online travel information search," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 179-188.
    5. Xiang, Zheng & Pan, Bing, 2011. "Travel queries on cities in the United States: Implications for search engine marketing for tourist destinations," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 88-97.
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