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Human-centred SME factories: the future of work in SMEs under industry 5.0

Author

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  • Philani Nduna Zincume

    (Stellenbosch University)

  • Maria Maier

    (Technical University of Munich)

Abstract

This study examines the transition of SMEs in the manufacturing sector towards Industry 5.0, emphasising a human-centred approach using the human–technology–organisation (HTO) model. It explores how Industry 5.0 integrates the human element into automated processes, requiring SMEs to adapt technologically, socially, and organisationally. The research, based on a literature review and expert interviews from Germany, Slovakia, and South Africa, identifies key challenges and requirements for SME adaptation. These include regional challenges like data privacy in Europe and skills deficits in South Africa. The findings categorise challenges into workforce availability, regulatory changes, institutional cooperation, and technological advancements. The paper highlights the necessity of international collaboration and policy reform to support SMEs in this transition, providing both theoretical insights and practical strategies for navigating Industry 5.0.

Suggested Citation

  • Philani Nduna Zincume & Maria Maier, 2025. "Human-centred SME factories: the future of work in SMEs under industry 5.0," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:futbus:v:11:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1186_s43093-025-00553-3
    DOI: 10.1186/s43093-025-00553-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dimitris Mourtzis & John Angelopoulos & Nikos Panopoulos, 2022. "A Literature Review of the Challenges and Opportunities of the Transition from Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-29, August.
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    3. Gilberto Santos & Jose Carlos Sá & Maria João Félix & Luís Barreto & Filipe Carvalho & Manuel Doiro & Kristína Zgodavová & Miladin Stefanović, 2021. "New Needed Quality Management Skills for Quality Managers 4.0," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-22, May.
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    6. Abhishek Tripathi, 2024. "Mapping the digitalization in SMEs of Middle East region: trends and insights from bibliometric analysis," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 1-16, December.
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