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Diverse spillover effects of COVID-19 control measures on air quality improvement: evidence from typical Chinese cities

Author

Listed:
  • Laijun Zhao

    (University of Shanghai for Science and Technology)

  • Yu Wang

    (University of Shanghai for Science and Technology)

  • Honghao Zhang

    (University of Shanghai for Science and Technology)

  • Ying Qian

    (University of Shanghai for Science and Technology)

  • Pingle Yang

    (University of Shanghai for Science and Technology)

  • Lixin Zhou

    (University of Shanghai for Science and Technology)

Abstract

The COVID-19 prevention and control measures are taken by China’s government, especially traffic restrictions and production suspension, had spillover effects on air quality improvement. These effects differed among cities, but these differences have not been adequately studied. To provide more knowledge, we studied the air quality index (AQI) and five air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3) before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai, Wuhan, and Tangshan. The pollution data from two types of monitoring stations (traffic and non-traffic stations) were separately compared and evaluated. We used monitoring data from the traffic stations to study the emission reduction caused by traffic restrictions. Based on monitoring data from the non-traffic stations, we established a difference-in-difference model to study the emission reduction caused by production suspension. The COVID-19 control measures reduced AQI and the concentrations of all pollutants except O3 (which increased greatly), but the magnitude of the changes differed among the three cities. The control measures improved air quality most in Wuhan, followed by Shanghai and then Tangshan. We investigated the reasons for these differences and found that differences in the characteristics of these three types of cities could explain these differences in spillover effects. Understanding these differences could provide some guidance and support for formulating differentiated air pollution control measures in different cities. For example, whole-process emission reduction technology should be adopted in cities with the concentrated distribution of continuous process enterprises, whereas vehicles that use cleaner energy and public transport should be vigorously promoted in cities with high traffic development level.

Suggested Citation

  • Laijun Zhao & Yu Wang & Honghao Zhang & Ying Qian & Pingle Yang & Lixin Zhou, 2023. "Diverse spillover effects of COVID-19 control measures on air quality improvement: evidence from typical Chinese cities," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(7), pages 7075-7099, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:25:y:2023:i:7:d:10.1007_s10668-022-02353-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-022-02353-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Junfeng & Xu, Xiaoya & Wang, Shimeng & He, Shutong & He, Pan, 2021. "Heterogeneous effects of COVID-19 lockdown measures on air quality in Northern China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    2. Siyu Chen & Hong Chi, 2021. "Analysis of the Environmental Effects of the Clean Heating Policy in Northern China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-11, June.
    3. Tuo Zhang & Maogang Tang, 2021. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Ambient Air Quality in China: A Quasi-Difference-in-Difference Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-19, March.
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