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Gender in climate change, agriculture, and natural resource policies: insights from East Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Edidah L. Ampaire

    (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
    International Development Research Centre (IDRC))

  • Mariola Acosta

    (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
    Wageningen UR)

  • Sofia Huyer

    (CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security/Women in Global Science and Technology (WISAT))

  • Ritah Kigonya

    (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
    Makerere University)

  • Perez Muchunguzi

    (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA))

  • Rebecca Muna

    (Tanzanian Civil Society Forum on Climate Change (Forum CC))

  • Laurence Jassogne

    (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA))

Abstract

Gender mainstreaming was acknowledged as an indispensable strategy for achieving gender equality at the 1995 Beijing Platform for Action. Since then, governments have made substantial efforts in developing gender-responsive policies and implementation strategies. The advent of climate change and its effects, which have continued to impact rural livelihoods and especially food security, demands that gender mainstreaming efforts are accelerated. Effective gender mainstreaming requires that gender is sufficiently integrated in policies, development plans, and implementation strategies, supported by budgetary allocations. This study analyzes the extent of gender integration in agricultural and natural resource policies in Uganda and Tanzania, and how gender is budgeted for in implementation plans at district and lower governance levels. A total of 155 policy documents, development plans, and annual action plans from national, district, and sub-county/ward levels were reviewed. In addition, district and sub-county budgets for four consecutive financial years from 2012/2013 to 2015/2016 were analyzed for gender allocations. Results show that whereas there is increasing gender responsiveness in both countries, (i) gender issues are still interpreted as “women issues,” (ii) there is disharmony in gender mainstreaming across governance levels, (iii) budgeting for gender is not yet fully embraced by governments, (iii) allocations to gender at sub-national level remain inconsistently low with sharp differences between estimated and actual budgets, and (iv) gender activities do not address any structural inequalities. We propose approaches that increase capacity to develop and execute gender-responsive policies, implementation plans, and budgets.

Suggested Citation

  • Edidah L. Ampaire & Mariola Acosta & Sofia Huyer & Ritah Kigonya & Perez Muchunguzi & Rebecca Muna & Laurence Jassogne, 2020. "Gender in climate change, agriculture, and natural resource policies: insights from East Africa," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 158(1), pages 43-60, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:climat:v:158:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s10584-019-02447-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-019-02447-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gumucio, Tatiana & Rueda, Mariana Tafur, 2015. "Influencing Gender-Inclusive Climate Change Policies in Latin America," Journal of Gender, Agriculture and Food Security (Agri-Gender), Africa Centre for Gender, Social Research and Impact Assessment, vol. 1(2).
    2. Nidhi Tandon, 2012. "Food Security, Women Smallholders and Climate Change in Caribbean SIDS," Policy Research Brief 33, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth.
    3. Allwood, Gill, 2014. "Gender mainstreaming and EU climate change policy," European Integration online Papers (EIoP), European Community Studies Association Austria (ECSA-A), vol. 18, November.
    4. Raj Nallari & Breda Griffith, 2011. "Gender and Macroeconomic Policy," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 2256.
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    Cited by:

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    7. Marion Borderon & Kelsea B. Best & Karen Bailey & Doug L. Hopping & Mackenzie Dove & Chelsea L. Cervantes de Blois, 2021. "The risks of invisibilization of populations and places in environment-migration research," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(1), pages 1-11, December.
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    9. Rachana Devkota & Laxmi Prasad Pant & Helen Hambly Odame & Bimala Rai Paudyal & Kelly Bronson, 2022. "Rethinking gender mainstreaming in agricultural innovation policy in Nepal: a critical gender analysis," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 39(4), pages 1373-1390, December.
    10. Kutlwano Makwatse & Leatile Modie & Morati Mpalo & Caitlin Blaser Mapitsa, 2022. "Gender and Equity Considerations for Building Climate Resilience: Lessons from Rural and Periurban Botswana," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-14, August.
    11. Ida Arff Tarjem & Ola Tveitereid Westengen & Poul Wisborg & Katharina Glaab, 2023. "“Whose demand?” The co-construction of markets, demand and gender in development-oriented crop breeding," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 40(1), pages 83-100, March.
    12. Goli, Imaneh & Azadi, Hossein & Najafabadi, Maryam Omidi & Lashgarara, Farhad & Viira, Ants-Hannes & Kurban, Alishir & Sklenička, Petr & Janečková, Kristina & Witlox, Frank, 2023. "Are adaptation strategies to climate change gender neutral? Lessons learned from paddy farmers in Northern Iran," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    13. Friedrich Schneider & Mangirdas Morkunas & Erika Quendler, 2023. "An estimation of the informal economy in the agricultural sector in the EU‐15 from 1996 to 2019," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(2), pages 406-447, March.
    14. Ruth Smith & Anna Mdee & Susannah Sallu, 2023. "How gender mainstreaming plays out in Tanzania's climate‐smart agricultural policy: Isomorphic mimicry of international discourse," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 41(6), November.
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