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Effects of COVID-19 Restrictions on Anxiety, Sleep, and Executive Functions among Arab Israeli Children with Attentional Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Author

Listed:
  • Rafat Ghanamah

    (Oranim Academic College of Education
    Israel Ministry of Education)

  • Hazar Eghbaria-Ghanamah

    (Israel Ministry of Education
    Sakhnin College of Education)

  • Nabil Abu-Saleh

    (Clalit Health Services)

  • Sujood Kitany

    (Israel Ministry of Education)

Abstract

Children are vulnerable to the serious effects of COVID-19 due to the restrictions advanced by governments such as lockdowns, home confinement, and school closing and it is conceivable that the coronavirus might be specifically challenging for those children who are diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders such as Attentional Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Thus, the current study aims to test the effects of the coronavirus outbreak on children with and without ADHD in terms of anxiety, sleep, and executive functions. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 120 Arab Israeli parents of children with and without ADHD. Additional information about sixty non-confined ADHD children was gathered regarding their executive functions before the coronavirus outbreak. The results show that more than 60% of the children with ADHD displayed high levels of anxiety. Compared to children without ADHD, higher rates of sleep-related and executive function difficulties appeared in the ADHD group. In addition, the confined ADHD group showed greater difficulties in executive functions than the non-confined ADHD group. The results extend the literature about the negative effects of the coronavirus outbreak on children, particularly those who are diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders, and highlight the necessity of immediate cognitive and psychological interventions and protective programs for children.

Suggested Citation

  • Rafat Ghanamah & Hazar Eghbaria-Ghanamah & Nabil Abu-Saleh & Sujood Kitany, 2023. "Effects of COVID-19 Restrictions on Anxiety, Sleep, and Executive Functions among Arab Israeli Children with Attentional Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 16(6), pages 2327-2346, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:chinre:v:16:y:2023:i:6:d:10.1007_s12187-023-10057-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s12187-023-10057-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rocío Lavigne-Cervan & Borja Costa-López & Rocío Juárez-Ruiz de Mier & Marta Sánchez-Muñoz de León & Marta Real-Fernández & Ignasi Navarro-Soria, 2021. "Implications of the Online Teaching Model Derived from the COVID-19 Lockdown Situation for Anxiety and Executive Functioning in Spanish Children and Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-15, October.
    2. Yeasmin, Sabina & Banik, Rajon & Hossain, Sorif & Hossain, Md. Nazmul & Mahumud, Raju & Salma, Nahid & Hossain, Md. Moyazzem, 2020. "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    3. Rafat Ghanamah & Hazar Eghbaria-Ghanamah & Nabil Abu-Saleh & Sujood Kitany, 2023. "Parents’ Perceptions of Changes in Sleep Duration, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior in Arab Israeli Children during the COVID-19 Outbreak," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(11), pages 1-15, June.
    4. Ignasi Navarro-Soria & Marta Real-Fernández & Rocío Juárez-Ruiz de Mier & Borja Costa-López & Marta Sánchez & Rocío Lavigne, 2021. "Consequences of Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Spain on Anxiety, Sleep and Executive Functioning of Children and Adolescents with ADHD," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-17, February.
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