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Well-Slept Children and Teens are Happier and More Hopeful with Fewer Emotional Problems

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  • Esther Yuet Ying Lau

    (The Education University of Hong Kong
    The Education University of Hong Kong
    The Education University of Hong Kong)

  • Yeuk Ching Lam

    (The Education University of Hong Kong)

  • John Chi-Kin Lee

    (The Education University of Hong Kong
    The Education University of Hong Kong)

Abstract

Studies on sleep and psychological functions have predominantly focused on the negative consequences of poor sleep. Little is known about whether and how sleep is associated with the positive aspects of psychological well-being that fosters healthy development. This study investigated (1) the sleep patterns across grades from Primary 4 to Secondary 6, (2) the associations of sleep variables with self-perceived strengths and difficulties, and positive well-being in terms of hope and happiness, and (3) the mediating role of emotional symptoms in the link between sleep and hope and happiness. A sample of 2,804 Chinese students (aged 9–15, 46% male) from local primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong completed questionnaires regarding their sleep, hope and happiness, and strengths and difficulties. Sleep quality was associated with higher levels of hope and happiness both directly and indirectly via less emotional symptoms, which fully mediated the relationship between sleep sufficiency and hope and happiness. The importance of sleep health for positive well-being of children and teens warrants further research and clinical attention as well as promotion of community awareness, given the potential benefits of sleep for psychosocial outcomes that are fundamental to optimal growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Esther Yuet Ying Lau & Yeuk Ching Lam & John Chi-Kin Lee, 2021. "Well-Slept Children and Teens are Happier and More Hopeful with Fewer Emotional Problems," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 14(5), pages 1809-1828, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:chinre:v:14:y:2021:i:5:d:10.1007_s12187-021-09823-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s12187-021-09823-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John B. Holbein & Jerome P. Schafer & David L. Dickinson, 2019. "Insufficient sleep reduces voting and other prosocial behaviours," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 3(5), pages 492-500, May.
    2. Cho, Esther Yin-Nei & Yu, Fuk-Yuen, 2020. "A review of measurement tools for child wellbeing," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    3. Veenhoven, Ruut, 2007. "Measures of Gross National Happiness," MPRA Paper 11280, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Sonja Lyubomirsky & Heidi Lepper, 1999. "A Measure of Subjective Happiness: Preliminary Reliability and Construct Validation," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 46(2), pages 137-155, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Esther Yuet Ying Lau & Sing-Hang Cheung & Cheng Li & Si-Yuan He & Ho Fung Hugo Choi & Shu Fai Cheung & C. Harry Hui, 2023. "Beyond Material Resources: Sleep Well and Be Hopeful for Less Worry and Better Wellbeing," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 18(5), pages 2541-2560, October.

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