IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/annopr/v338y2024i2d10.1007_s10479-024-05996-5.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimal pricing and financing decision of dual-channel green supply chain considering product differentiation and blockchain

Author

Listed:
  • Yu Xia

    (Henan University of Technology)

  • Rongrong Shang

    (Henan University of Technology)

  • Mingxia Wei

    (Henan University of Technology)

  • Zhenke Wei

    (Cornell University)

Abstract

This paper constructs a dual-channel green supply chain model that includes a well-capitalized retailer and e-commerce platform, as well as a capital-constrained manufacturer. The manufacturer sells two different green quality products through the e-commerce platform and the retailer. There are two portfolio financing strategies for the manufacturer to choose and decide whether to use blockchain. We establish four models of whether to use blockchain under the EP financing strategy (e-commerce platform financing and prepayment financing) and the EB financing strategy (e-commerce platform financing and bank financing). By comparing the optimal solutions under four models, we discover some results. Firstly, we discover that the wholesale price will be higher than the selling price of the online channel when the product greenness difference between the two channels is large, and the optimal expected profit of the retailer is not related to product green differences. Secondly, the EP financing strategy is the optimal financing strategy choice for the manufacturer regardless of whether blockchain is used or not. Thirdly, when the cost per unit of using blockchain is greater than a certain threshold, the manufacturer should choose not to use blockchain. Finally, the manufacturer's acceptable blockchain usage threshold under the EP financing strategy is higher than under the EB financing strategy, and it decreases with the smaller product greenness difference between the two channels under the EP financing strategy. In addition, we also make an extension that verifies our model and findings are robust.

Suggested Citation

  • Yu Xia & Rongrong Shang & Mingxia Wei & Zhenke Wei, 2024. "Optimal pricing and financing decision of dual-channel green supply chain considering product differentiation and blockchain," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 338(2), pages 1317-1358, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:annopr:v:338:y:2024:i:2:d:10.1007_s10479-024-05996-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s10479-024-05996-5
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10479-024-05996-5
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10479-024-05996-5?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mandal, Prasenjit & Jain, Tarun, 2021. "Partial outsourcing from a rival: Quality decision under product differentiation and information asymmetry," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 292(3), pages 886-908.
    2. Jingna Ji & Dengli Tang & Jiansheng Huang, 2022. "Green Credit Financing and Emission Reduction Decisions in a Retailer-Dominated Supply Chain with Capital Constraint," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-26, August.
    3. Junwu Chai & Wei Yan & Youwei Li & Mark Palmer & Qilin Huang, 2020. "Selling vertically differentiated products under one channel or two? A quality segmentation model for differentiated distribution channels," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 71(8), pages 1180-1198, August.
    4. Fei Gao & Xuanming Su, 2017. "Online and Offline Information for Omnichannel Retailing," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 19(1), pages 84-98, February.
    5. Avner Shaked & John Sutton, 1982. "Relaxing Price Competition Through Product Differentiation," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 49(1), pages 3-13.
    6. Mussa, Michael & Rosen, Sherwin, 1978. "Monopoly and product quality," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 301-317, August.
    7. Bin Shen & Ciwei Dong & Stefan Minner, 2022. "Combating Copycats in the Supply Chain with Permissioned Blockchain Technology," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(1), pages 138-154, January.
    8. Rong Zhang & Zhiwei Xia & Bin Liu & Yu Zhou, 2022. "Optimal Pricing Decisions for Dual-Channel Supply Chain: Blockchain Adoption and Consumer Sensitivity," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2022, pages 1-9, March.
    9. Jiaying Xu & Qingfeng Meng & Yuqing Chen & Jia Zhao, 2023. "Dual-Channel Pricing Decisions for Product Recycling in Green Supply Chain Operations: Considering the Impact of Consumer Loss Aversion," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-15, January.
    10. Yan, Nina & Zhang, Yaping & Xu, Xun & Gao, Yongling, 2021. "Online finance with dual channels and bidirectional free-riding effect," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    11. Zhu, Shichao & Li, Jian & Wang, Shouyang & Xia, Yusen & Wang, Yajing, 2023. "The role of blockchain technology in the dual-channel supply chain dominated by a brand owner," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    12. Raza, Syed Asif & Govindaluri, Srikrishna Madhumohan, 2019. "Pricing strategies in a dual-channel green supply chain with cannibalization and risk aversion," Operations Research Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 6(C).
    13. Xie, JiaPing & Liang, Ling & Liu, LuHao & Ieromonachou, Petros, 2017. "Coordination contracts of dual-channel with cooperation advertising in closed-loop supply chains," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 183(PB), pages 528-538.
    14. Matsubayashi, Nobuo, 2007. "Price and quality competition: The effect of differentiation and vertical integration," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 180(2), pages 907-921, July.
    15. Tian, Chen & Xiao, Tiaojun & Shang, Jennifer, 2022. "Channel differentiation strategy in a dual-channel supply chain considering free riding behavior," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 301(2), pages 473-485.
    16. De Giovanni, Pietro, 2020. "Blockchain and smart contracts in supply chain management: A game theoretic model," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    17. Xue-Yan Wu & Zhi-Ping Fan & Bing-Bing Cao, 2023. "An analysis of strategies for adopting blockchain technology in the fresh product supply chain," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 61(11), pages 3717-3734, June.
    18. Jaskold Gabszewicz, J. & Thisse, J. -F., 1979. "Price competition, quality and income disparities," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 340-359, June.
    19. Yan, Nina & Liu, Yang & Xu, Xun & He, Xiuli, 2020. "Strategic dual-channel pricing games with e-retailer finance," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 283(1), pages 138-151.
    20. Xie, Xiaofeng & Shi, Xinyu & Gu, Jing & Xu, Xun, 2023. "Examining the Contagion Effect of Credit Risk in a Supply Chain under Trade Credit and Bank Loan Offering," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    21. Xiao, Yujie & Niu, Wenju & Zhang, Lianmin & Xue, Weili, 2023. "Store brand introduction in a dual-channel supply chain: The roles of quality differentiation and power structure," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    22. Hubert Pun & Jayashankar M. Swaminathan & Pengwen Hou, 2021. "Blockchain Adoption for Combating Deceptive Counterfeits," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 30(4), pages 864-882, April.
    23. Qingyun Zhu & Mahtab Kouhizadeh & Joseph Sarkis, 2022. "Formalising product deletion across the supply chain: blockchain technology as a relational governance mechanism," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 60(1), pages 92-110, January.
    24. Lingxiu Dong & Puping (Phil) Jiang & Fasheng Xu, 2023. "Impact of Traceability Technology Adoption in Food Supply Chain Networks," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(3), pages 1518-1535, March.
    25. Albert Ha & Xiaoyang Long & Javad Nasiry, 2016. "Quality in Supply Chain Encroachment," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 18(2), pages 280-298, May.
    26. Xu, Xinhan & Chen, Xiangfeng & Jia, Fu & Brown, Steve & Gong, Yu & Xu, Yifan, 2018. "Supply chain finance: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 160-173.
    27. Zhang, Tianyu & Dong, Peiwu & Chen, Xiangfeng & Gong, Yu, 2023. "The impacts of blockchain adoption on a dual-channel supply chain with risk-averse members," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    28. Zhang, Zhe & Song, Huaming & Shi, Victor & Yang, Shilei, 2021. "Quality differentiation in a dual-channel supply chain," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 290(3), pages 1000-1013.
    29. Xiao-Feng Shao, 2015. "Product differentiation design under sequential consumer choice process," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(8), pages 2342-2364, April.
    30. De Giovanni, Pietro, 2011. "Quality improvement vs. advertising support: Which strategy works better for a manufacturer?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 208(2), pages 119-130, January.
    31. Wang, Limin & Song, Qiankun, 2020. "Pricing policies for dual-channel supply chain with green investment and sales effort under uncertain demand," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 79-93.
    32. Barman, Abhijit & De, Pijus Kanti & Chakraborty, Ashis Kumar & Lim, Chee Peng & Das, Rubi, 2023. "Optimal pricing policy in a three-layer dual-channel supply chain under government subsidy in green manufacturing," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 401-429.
    33. Panos Kouvelis & Wenhui Zhao, 2018. "Who Should Finance the Supply Chain? Impact of Credit Ratings on Supply Chain Decisions," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 20(1), pages 19-35, February.
    34. Sun, Cuiying & Zhang, Xiong & Zhou, Yong-Wu & Cao, Bin, 2022. "Pricing, financing and channel structure for capital-constrained dual-channel supply chains with product heterogeneity," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    35. Shuai Zhao & Wenli Li, 2023. "Blockchain-based traceability system adoption decision in the dual-channel perishable goods market under different pricing policies," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 61(13), pages 4548-4574, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Peng Wang & Jing Shao & Liping Liang & Yu Tang, 2025. "Multi-channel retailing and consumers’ environmental consciousness," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 345(1), pages 467-515, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sun, Cuiying & Zhang, Xiong & Zhou, Yong-Wu & Cao, Bin, 2022. "Pricing, financing and channel structure for capital-constrained dual-channel supply chains with product heterogeneity," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    2. Pi, Zhenyang & Fang, Weiguo & Perera, Sandun C. & Zhang, Baofeng, 2022. "Enhancing the online buyer perception of consumer experience products in a dual-channel supply chain: A new role of free-riding," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    3. Zhang, Tianyu & Dong, Peiwu & Chen, Xiangfeng & Gong, Yu, 2023. "The impacts of blockchain adoption on a dual-channel supply chain with risk-averse members," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    4. Yang, Jiaquan & Li, Kevin W. & Huang, Jun, 2023. "Manufacturer encroachment with a new product under network externalities," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    5. Zhang, Zhe & Song, Huaming & Shi, Victor & Yang, Shilei, 2021. "Quality differentiation in a dual-channel supply chain," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 290(3), pages 1000-1013.
    6. Zhang, Qian & Li, Yongjian & Hou, Pengwen & Wang, Jun, 2024. "Price signal or blockchain technology? Quality information disclosure in dual-channel supply chains," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 316(1), pages 126-137.
    7. Niu, Baozhuang & Ruan, Yiyuan & Xu, Haotao, 2024. "Less is more? Channel separation to mitigate triple competition and combat copycats in agency e-commerce," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 315(1), pages 242-270.
    8. Yuyan Wang & Qiuchen Wu & T. C. E. Cheng & Yulin Sun, 2025. "Supply chain modelling considering blockchain improvement and publicity with fairness concern," Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Springer, vol. 36(1), pages 681-702, January.
    9. Zhu, Shichao & Li, Jian & Wang, Shouyang & Xia, Yusen & Wang, Yajing, 2023. "The role of blockchain technology in the dual-channel supply chain dominated by a brand owner," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    10. Guan, Zhimin & Yu, Tianyang & Dong, Jingyang & Zhang, Jun, 2024. "Impact of consumers’ anticipated regret on brand owners’ blockchain adoption in the presence of a secondhand market," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    11. Zhao, Qingli & Fan, Zhi-Ping & Sun, Minghe, 2024. "Sales mode selection and blockchain technology adoption decisions in a platform supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    12. Hubert Pun & Pengwen Hou, 2022. "Combating copycatting from emerging market suppliers in global supply chains," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(8), pages 3304-3319, August.
    13. Le Wang & Zhen He & Shuguang He, 2023. "Quality differentiation and e‐tailer's choice between reselling and agency selling," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(6), pages 3518-3536, September.
    14. Bos, Iwan & Marini, Marco A., 2019. "Cartel stability under quality differentiation," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 70-73.
    15. Sanyal, Amal & Patibandla, Murali, 1999. "From Closed to Contestable Markets: Product Differentiation in Indian Durable Consumer Goods Industry," Working Papers 9-1999, Copenhagen Business School, Department of International Economics and Management.
    16. Cédric Argenton, 2010. "Exclusive Quality," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(3), pages 690-716, September.
    17. Naoto Jinji, 2003. "Strategic policy for product R&D with symmetric costs," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(4), pages 993-1006, November.
    18. C. Benassi & A. Chirco & C. Colombo, 2015. "Beyond the Uniform Distribution: Equilibrium Prices and Qualities in a Vertically Differentiated Duopoly," Working Papers wp1044, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
    19. Zhou, Yu & Gao, Xiang & Luo, Suyuan & Xiong, Yu & Ye, Niangyue, 2022. "Anti-Counterfeiting in a retail Platform: A Game-Theoretic approach," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    20. Acharyya, Rajat, 1998. "Monopoly and product quality: Separating or pooling menu?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 61(2), pages 187-194, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:annopr:v:338:y:2024:i:2:d:10.1007_s10479-024-05996-5. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.