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Налоговое стимулирование развития человеческого капитала: состояние и перспективы // Tax Incentives for Human Capital Development: the State of Things and Prospects

Author

Listed:
  • M. Pinskaya R.

    (Financial University, Moscow)

  • М. Пинская Р.

    (Финансовый университет,Москва)

Abstract

The subject of the research is tax incentives aimed at the development of human capital. The object of the research is the factors that influence investment in human resources. The purposes of the research were to summarize the Russian practice of labor remuneration taxation in the part of providing social tax offsets to the personal income tax (PIT); insurance premiums; revealing shortcomings of the practice and developing proposals for their elimination. The novelty of the research is the fact that, unlike the existing numerous studies on this subject, the paper gives assessment of the nature of innovations in the tax system through the prism of the government support of labor as a factor of production. The research methodology is based on general cognitive methods (deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, analogy, observation, description and generalization). In the course of the analysis, the data of statistical tax reporting documents of the Federal Tax Service on social tax offsets for training and medical treatment provided to PIT taxpayers were used. The factors distorting the reliability of the human capital assessment are exposed: differentiation in the labor remuneration levels and the size of cash incomes, low potential of employees’ mobility. The trends in the provision of social tax offsets for training and medical treatment are revealed. It is concluded that tax incentives for the development of human capital should include reduction of the tax burden on labor through expanding the system of tax offsets and introduction of family taxation rather than establishing the progressive scale of tax rates. It is proved that the introduction of the professional income tax for self-employed citizens should be considered as a factor in reducing informal employment by creating favorable conditions for tax administration of businesses. Предметом анализа является налоговое стимулирование развития человеческого капитала. Объектом исследования выступают факторы, оказывающие влияние на инвестиции в человеческие ресурсы. Цели статьи — обобщение российской практики налогообложения оплаты труда в части предоставления социальных налоговых вычетов по налогу на доходы физических лиц (НДФЛ), страховых взносов, выявление ее недостатков и разработка предложений по их устранению. Новизна проведенного исследования заключается в том, что, в отличие от имеющихся многочисленных работ по данной проблематике, в статье проведена оценка характера новаций в налоговой системе через призму государственной поддержки развития труда как фактора производства. Методология исследования базируется на общих методах познания (дедукция и индукция, анализ и синтез, аналогия, наблюдение, описание и обобщение). В ходе проведения анализа привлекались данные статистической налоговой отчетности Федеральной налоговой службы о социальных налоговых вычетах на обучение и лечение, предоставляемых налогоплательщикам НДФЛ. Выявлены факторы, искажающие достоверность оценки человеческого капитала: наличие дифференциации в уровне оплаты труда и размере денежных доходов населения, низкий потенциал мобильности работников. Вскрыты тенденции в предоставлении социальных вычетов на обучение и лечение. Сделан вывод о том, что потенциал налогового стимулирования развития человеческого капитала следует искать в снижении налоговой нагрузки на труд за счет расширения системы налоговых вычетов и введения семейного налогообложения, а не в установлении прогрессивной шкалы налоговых ставок. Обосновано, что введение налога на профессиональный доход самозанятых граждан следует рассматривать как фактор снижения неформальной занятости населения за счет создания благоприятных условий налогового администрирования ведения бизнеса.

Suggested Citation

  • M. Pinskaya R. & М. Пинская Р., 2019. "Налоговое стимулирование развития человеческого капитала: состояние и перспективы // Tax Incentives for Human Capital Development: the State of Things and Prospects," Экономика. Налоги. Право // Economics, taxes & law, ФГОБУ "Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации" // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 12(2), pages 137-146.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:econom:y:2019:i:2:p:137-146
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