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Terrorism and the Labor Force

Author

Listed:
  • Claude Berrebi
  • Jordan Ostwald

Abstract

Recent studies have identified correlational associations linking terrorism and females’ standing in the labor market. Theories have been proposed to explain these associations. Some concluded that women’s participation in the labor force could be the driver that moves terrorism; others proposed that terrorism motivates the deviations in the labor force. No study has adequately explored causality and the direction of this association. Using a panel data set of 165 countries and terrorism data from 1980 to 2007, we find that terrorist attacks decrease female labor force participation and increase the gender gap between male and female labor force participation. By exploiting variation across countries and time, we are able to identify and quantify these effects; we are also able to address endogeneity concerns by using two novel instrumental variable approaches. The results are statistically significant and robust across a multitude of model specifications.

Suggested Citation

  • Claude Berrebi & Jordan Ostwald, 2016. "Terrorism and the Labor Force," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 60(1), pages 32-60, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:60:y:2016:i:1:p:32-60
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Robertson,Raymond & Lopez-Acevedo,Gladys C. & Morales,Matias, 2020. "The Relationship between Female Labor Force Participation and Violent Conflicts in South Asia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9195, The World Bank.
    2. Mazhar Ummad, 2019. "Terrorism and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 19(1), pages 1-17, January.
    3. Yu, Zhen & Li, Yuankun & Xie, Xubin, 2021. "Long-term trade impact of epidemic outbreaks: Is it V-shaped?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 16-40.
    4. Khusrav Gaibulloev & Gerel Oyun & Javed Younas, 2019. "Terrorism and subjective financial well-being: micro-level evidence from Pakistan," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 178(3), pages 493-512, March.
    5. Mishra, Ankita & Mishra, Vinod & Parasnis, Jaai, 2021. "The asymmetric role of crime in women's and men's labour force participation: Evidence from India," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 933-961.
    6. Laura Huber, 2019. "When Civilians Are Attacked: Gender Equality and Terrorist Targeting," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 63(10), pages 2289-2318, November.
    7. Ummad Mazhar, 2021. "Women empowerment and insecurity: firm-level evidence," Business Economics, Palgrave Macmillan;National Association for Business Economics, vol. 56(1), pages 43-53, January.
    8. Haoran Xu & William J. Moser, 2022. "Terrorism and Corporate Tax Avoidance," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 58(1), pages 174-208, March.
    9. Elmallakh, Nelly & Wodon, Quentin, 2021. "Climate Shocks, Migration, and Labor Markets: A Gender Analysis from West Africa," GLO Discussion Paper Series 950, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    10. Javed Younas & Todd Sandler, 2017. "Gender Imbalance and Terrorism in Developing Countries," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 61(3), pages 483-510, March.

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