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The Trauma of Truth Telling: Effects of Witnessing in the Rwandan Gacaca Courts on Psychological Health

Author

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  • Karen Brounéus

    (Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Sweden and National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, karen.brouneus@otago.ac.nz)

Abstract

Truth telling has come to play a pivotal role in postconflict reconciliation processes around the world. A common claim is that truth telling is healing and will lead to reconciliation. The present study applies recent psychological research to this issue by examining whether witnessing in the gacaca , the Rwandan village tribunals for truth and reconciliation after the 1994 genocide, was beneficial for psychological health. The results from the multistage, stratified cluster random survey of 1,200 Rwandans demonstrate that gacaca witnesses suffer from higher levels of depression and PTSD than do nonwitnesses, also when controlling for important predictors of psychological ill health. Furthermore, longer exposure to truth telling has not lowered the levels of psychological ill health, nor has the prevalence of depression and PTSD decreased over time. This study strongly challenges the claim that truth telling is healing and presents a novel understanding of the complexity of truth-telling processes in postconflict peace building.

Suggested Citation

  • Karen Brounéus, 2010. "The Trauma of Truth Telling: Effects of Witnessing in the Rwandan Gacaca Courts on Psychological Health," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 54(3), pages 408-437, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:54:y:2010:i:3:p:408-437
    DOI: 10.1177/0022002709360322
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James L. Gibson, 2004. "Does Truth Lead to Reconciliation? Testing the Causal Assumptions of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Process," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 48(2), pages 201-217, April.
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    3. Gates, Scott & Binningsbo, Helga Malmin & Lie, Tove Grete, 2007. "Post-conflict justice and sustainable peace," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4191, The World Bank.
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