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A Comparison of Imputation Methods for Bayesian Factor Analysis Models

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  • Edgar C. Merkle

Abstract

Imputation methods are popular for the handling of missing data in psychology. The methods generally consist of predicting missing data based on observed data, yielding a complete data set that is amiable to standard statistical analyses. In the context of Bayesian factor analysis, this article compares imputation under an unrestricted multivariate normal model (Multiple Imputation [MI]) to imputation under the statistical model of interest (Data Augmentation [DA]). The former method is popular in applied research, but the latter method is more straightforward from a Bayesian perspective. Simulations demonstrate that DA yields less-biased parameter estimates for moderate sample sizes and high missingness proportions. MI, however, yields less-biased parameter estimates for large sample sizes with misspecified models. The incorporation of auxiliary variables in DA is also addressed, and BUGS code is provided.

Suggested Citation

  • Edgar C. Merkle, 2011. "A Comparison of Imputation Methods for Bayesian Factor Analysis Models," Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, , vol. 36(2), pages 257-276, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jedbes:v:36:y:2011:i:2:p:257-276
    DOI: 10.3102/1076998610375833
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sturtz, Sibylle & Ligges, Uwe & Gelman, Andrew, 2005. "R2WinBUGS: A Package for Running WinBUGS from R," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 12(i03).
    2. Jae Kwang Kim, 2004. "Fractional hot deck imputation," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 91(3), pages 559-578, September.
    3. Richard Scheines & Herbert Hoijtink & Anne Boomsma, 1999. "Bayesian estimation and testing of structural equation models," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 64(1), pages 37-52, March.
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