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Differentiation in the European Union and beyond

Author

Listed:
  • Liesbet Hooghe

    (Department of Political Science, 2331University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Robert Schuman Centre, 10185European University Institute, Florence, Italy)

  • Gary Marks

    (Department of Political Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Robert Schuman Centre, 10185European University Institute, Florence, Italy)

Abstract

This forum article analyzes differentiation among states in the European Union and among regions within states as a single phenomenon, an arrangement in which one or more constituent units opt out of a common policy. By examining differentiation in a variety of contexts, we seek to shed light on its basic features.

Suggested Citation

  • Liesbet Hooghe & Gary Marks, 2023. "Differentiation in the European Union and beyond," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 225-235, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:eeupol:v:24:y:2023:i:1:p:225-235
    DOI: 10.1177/14651165221127885
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lisanne De Blok & Catherine E. De Vries, 2023. "A blessing and a curse? Examining public preferences for differentiated integration," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 143-163, March.
    2. Simon Hix & Clifton van der Linden & Joanna Massie & Mark Pickup & Justin Savoie, 2023. "Where is the EU–UK relationship heading? A conjoint survey experiment of Brexit trade-offs," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 184-205, March.
    3. Hooghe, Liesbet & Marks, Gary, 2009. "A Postfunctionalist Theory of European Integration: From Permissive Consensus to Constraining Dissensus," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 39(1), pages 1-23, January.
    4. Robert Zbiral & Sebastiaan Princen & Hubert Smekal, 2023. "Differentiation through flexibility in implementation: Strategic and substantive uses of discretion in EU directives," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 102-120, March.
    5. Brancati, Dawn, 2006. "Decentralization: Fueling the Fire or Dampening the Flames of Ethnic Conflict and Secessionism?," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 60(3), pages 651-685, July.
    6. Frank Schimmelfennig & Thomas Winzen, 2014. "Instrumental and Constitutional Differentiation in the European Union," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(2), pages 354-370, March.
    7. Ioannis Vergioglou & Sven Hegewald, 2023. "From causes to consequences: Investigating the effects of differentiated integration on citizens’ EU support," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 206-224, March.
    8. Philipp Genschel & Markus Jachtenfuchs & Marta Migliorati, 2023. "Differentiated integration as symbolic politics? Constitutional differentiation and policy reintegration in core state powers," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 81-101, March.
    9. Julian Schuessler & Max Heermann & Dirk Leuffen & Lisanne De Blok & Catherine E De Vries, 2023. "Mapping public support for the varieties of differentiated integration," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 164-183, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Frank Schimmelfennig & Dirk Leuffen & Catherine E De Vries, 2023. "Differentiated integration in the European Union: Institutional effects, public opinion, and alternative flexibility arrangements," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 3-20, March.

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