IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/eeupol/v24y2023i1p225-235.html

Differentiation in the European Union and beyond

Author

Listed:
  • Liesbet Hooghe

    (Department of Political Science, 2331University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Robert Schuman Centre, 10185European University Institute, Florence, Italy)

  • Gary Marks

    (Department of Political Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Robert Schuman Centre, 10185European University Institute, Florence, Italy)

Abstract

This forum article analyzes differentiation among states in the European Union and among regions within states as a single phenomenon, an arrangement in which one or more constituent units opt out of a common policy. By examining differentiation in a variety of contexts, we seek to shed light on its basic features.

Suggested Citation

  • Liesbet Hooghe & Gary Marks, 2023. "Differentiation in the European Union and beyond," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 225-235, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:eeupol:v:24:y:2023:i:1:p:225-235
    DOI: 10.1177/14651165221127885
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14651165221127885
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/14651165221127885?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Brancati, Dawn, 2006. "Decentralization: Fueling the Fire or Dampening the Flames of Ethnic Conflict and Secessionism?," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 60(3), pages 651-685, July.
    2. Lisanne De Blok & Catherine E. De Vries, 2023. "A blessing and a curse? Examining public preferences for differentiated integration," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 143-163, March.
    3. Philipp Genschel & Markus Jachtenfuchs & Marta Migliorati, 2023. "Differentiated integration as symbolic politics? Constitutional differentiation and policy reintegration in core state powers," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 81-101, March.
    4. Julian Schuessler & Max Heermann & Dirk Leuffen & Lisanne De Blok & Catherine E De Vries, 2023. "Mapping public support for the varieties of differentiated integration," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 164-183, March.
    5. Frank Schimmelfennig & Thomas Winzen, 2014. "Instrumental and Constitutional Differentiation in the European Union," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(2), pages 354-370, March.
    6. Simon Hix & Clifton van der Linden & Joanna Massie & Mark Pickup & Justin Savoie, 2023. "Where is the EU–UK relationship heading? A conjoint survey experiment of Brexit trade-offs," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 184-205, March.
    7. Ioannis Vergioglou & Sven Hegewald, 2023. "From causes to consequences: Investigating the effects of differentiated integration on citizens’ EU support," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 206-224, March.
    8. Robert Zbiral & Sebastiaan Princen & Hubert Smekal, 2023. "Differentiation through flexibility in implementation: Strategic and substantive uses of discretion in EU directives," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 102-120, March.
    9. Hooghe, Liesbet & Marks, Gary, 2009. "A Postfunctionalist Theory of European Integration: From Permissive Consensus to Constraining Dissensus," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 39(1), pages 1-23, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Frank Schimmelfennig & Dirk Leuffen & Catherine E De Vries, 2023. "Differentiated integration in the European Union: Institutional effects, public opinion, and alternative flexibility arrangements," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 3-20, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Frank Schimmelfennig & Dirk Leuffen & Catherine E De Vries, 2023. "Differentiated integration in the European Union: Institutional effects, public opinion, and alternative flexibility arrangements," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 3-20, March.
    2. Lisanne De Blok & Catherine E. De Vries, 2023. "A blessing and a curse? Examining public preferences for differentiated integration," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 143-163, March.
    3. Ioannis Vergioglou & Sven Hegewald, 2023. "From causes to consequences: Investigating the effects of differentiated integration on citizens’ EU support," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 206-224, March.
    4. Ronja Sczepanski & Tanja A Börzel, 2023. "Two sides of the same coin? The effect of differentiation on noncompliance with European Union law," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 63-80, March.
    5. Thomas Winzen, 2023. "Does differentiated integration weaken parliamentary involvement? Evidence from the European Union's interparliamentary conferences," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 42-62, March.
    6. Philipp Genschel & Markus Jachtenfuchs & Marta Migliorati, 2023. "Differentiated integration as symbolic politics? Constitutional differentiation and policy reintegration in core state powers," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 81-101, March.
    7. Stefan Telle & Lisanne de Blok & Catherine E. de Vries & Lorenzo Cicchi, 2022. "Elite‐Mass Linkages in the Preference Formation on Differentiated Integration," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(6), pages 1663-1683, November.
    8. Tanja A. Börzel, 2016. "From EU Governance of Crisis to Crisis of EU Governance: Regulatory Failure, Redistributive Conflict and Eurosceptic Publics," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54, pages 8-31, September.
    9. Jørgen Bølstad, 2015. "Dynamics of European integration: Public opinion in the core and periphery," European Union Politics, , vol. 16(1), pages 23-44, March.
    10. Thomas Winzen & Frank Schimmelfennig, 2023. "National Differentiation Experience and Citizen Support for Differentiated Integration," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(5), pages 1235-1260, September.
    11. Martin Moland, 2024. "Opting for Opt‐outs? National Identities and Support for a Differentiated EU," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 62(1), pages 55-73, January.
    12. Lisanne de Blok & Max Heermann & Julian Schuessler & Dirk Leuffen & Catherine E. de Vries, 2024. "All on board? The role of institutional design for public support for differentiated integration," European Union Politics, , vol. 25(3), pages 593-604, September.
    13. Julian Aichholzer & Sylvia Kritzinger & Carolina Plescia, 2021. "National identity profiles and support for the European Union," European Union Politics, , vol. 22(2), pages 293-315, June.
    14. Marco Manacorda & Guido Tabellini & Andrea Tesei, 2022. "Mobile internet and the rise of political tribalism in Europe," CEP Discussion Papers dp1877, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    15. Luuk Middelaar, 2016. "The Return of Politics – The European Union after the crises in the eurozone and Ukraine," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(3), pages 495-507, May.
    16. Soetkin Verhaegen & Marc Hooghe & Ellen Quintelier, 2014. "European Identity and Support for European Integration: A Matter of Perceived Economic Benefits?," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 67(2), pages 295-314, May.
    17. Wolfram Kaiser, 2017. "Limits of Cultural Engineering: Actors and Narratives in the European Parliament's House of European History Project," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(3), pages 518-534, May.
    18. Natascha Zaun & Ariadna Ripoll Servent, 2023. "Perpetuating Crisis as a Supply Strategy: The Role of (Nativist) Populist Governments in EU Policymaking on Refugee Distribution," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(3), pages 653-672, May.
    19. Rauh, Christian, 2015. "Communicating supranational governance? The salience of EU affairs in the German Bundestag, 1991–2013," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 16(1), pages 116-138.
    20. Mikko Mattila & Tapio Raunio, 2026. "Still Out of Touch? Parties and Their Voters on the EU Dimension," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 14.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:eeupol:v:24:y:2023:i:1:p:225-235. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.