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Choix de financement et ratio cible : Le cas français

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  • Carpentier, Cécile

    (École de comptabilité, Université Laval)

Abstract

This study proposes and tests an empirical model where the financial choices of French firms are simultaneously explained by variables issued from the two main conceptual frameworks, the Static Trade-off Theory and the Pecking Order Theory (POT). Following the path opened by Fama and French (1997a) and Opler and Titman (1996), we suggest that these two conceptual frameworks should be integrated rather than opposed to understand the firm's financial decisions. In these models, firms base their financing choices on their situation with regard to the target debt ratio, which is here estimated by the industrial mean. The analysis uses a financial flows' explanation model, which has not been employed in France yet. It covers the 1987-1996 period, and uses 2 678 observations. Three models explain the proportion of required funds coming respectively from internal financing, total debt and long term debt. The gap between the actual debt level and the target debt ratio is significantly associated with the financing decisions, but the hypotheses of a significant impact of POT linked variables on these decisions cannot be rejected. In particular, profitability and size strongly influence the process of return toward the target. Cette étude propose et teste un modèle empirique des choix financiers des entreprises françaises, issu de la superposition de deux cadres conceptuels principaux, la Static Trade-off Theory et la Pecking Order Theory. En cela, cette analyse se situe dans la lignée des travaux de Fama et French (1997a) et Opler et Titman (1996). Dans ce cadre, les entreprises basent leurs décisions de financement sur leur situation par rapport au ratio cible d’endettement, estimé ici par la moyenne sectorielle. L’analyse utilise un modèle d’explication des flux financiers, non encore appliqué en France et qui ne paraît avoir été employé qu’à quelques reprises antérieurement. Elle couvre la période de 1987 à 1996 et repose sur l’examen de 2 678 observations. Trois modèles expliquent respectivement la proportion des besoins de fonds comblés par l’autofinancement, la dette totale et la dette à long terme. Il ressort que l’écart par rapport à la cible est un élément explicatif important et significatif des décisions d’endettement, mais que les variables liées à la Pecking Order Theory guident également les comportements de financement des entreprises en France. En particulier, la rentabilité et la taille influencent de façon significative le processus de retour vers la cible.

Suggested Citation

  • Carpentier, Cécile, 2000. "Choix de financement et ratio cible : Le cas français," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 76(3), pages 365-392, septembre.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:v:76:y:2000:i:3:p:365-392
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    1. Jouida, Sameh & Hellara, Slaheddine, 2018. "Diversification and target leverage of financial institutions," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 11-35.

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