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Education, effets externes, emploi : le cas de la France

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  • Jean Léonard

Abstract

[eng] Education, external effects, employment : French case Jean Léonard Education reappears in the 1980s - 1990s with the «new growth theories» as a factor of economic efficiency rather than as a growth factor as long as the crisis lasts. « Growth Accountancy » (Solow dixit) carried oub by Denison in the 1960s has been modernized showing education as a source of external effects. However, these external effects, undeniable in the economic sphere have to be analysed on a larger scale as cohesion and social integration factors (searching for comparative, and even absolute advantages) any developped society that wishes (at least) to remain as such, will take interest in raising the education level of its population. This is not without raising problems when the growing number of higher education graduates does not (no longer ?) coincide with adequate employment (or supposed as such). The new, and necessary conciliation of individual and collective interests cannot be obtained without revising both this adequation (too often viewed as an « equivalence ») and, maybe, the social rules, which are sources of inequalities. So not the training systems alone are being questioned, but on a larger scale, our societies as well. [fre] L'éducation réapparaît, danslesannées 1980-1990, avecles «nouvelles théories de la croissance », comme un facteur d'efficacité économique, plutôt que comme facteur de croissance, quand la crise dure: la « comptabilité de la croissance » (Solow dixit) effectuée par Denison dans les années 1960 est modernisée, faisant apparaître l'éducation comme source d'effets externes. Cependant ces effets externes doivent être analysés de façon plus large, comme facteurs de cohésion sociale. Alors, tant pour des raisons d'ordre national qu'international (à la recherche d'avantages comparatifs, voire absolus), toute société développée, qui veut pour le moins le rester, a avantage à élever le niveau d'éducation de sa population. Cela ne va pas sans poser des problèmes quand le nombre croissant de diplômés de l'enseignement supérieur ne rencontre plus l'adéquation passée entre formation et emploi. La conciliation des désirs individuels et de l'intérêt collectif ne peut se faire sans remettre en question cette adéquation (vue comme « équivalence ») et, peut-être bien, des règles sociales qui sont sources d'inégalités. La question n'est donc pas posée aux seuls systèmes de formation, mais à nos sociétés, plus globalement.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean Léonard, 1996. "Education, effets externes, emploi : le cas de la France," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 58(1), pages 67-102.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1996_num_58_1_1430
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1996.1430
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1996.1430
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    References listed on IDEAS

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