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Degré de validité des opinions des chefs d'entreprise pour les prévisions de production

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  • Alain Abou
  • Daniel Szpiro

Abstract

[eng] The monthly Industrial Trend Survey provides, with a very short lag, information on past and future industrial production and when used with the official index of industrial production, it can be an important tool for the analysis of short-term economic prospects. These two sources of information are complementary, but they must be put together with care : business people are not asked in this Survey to give a precise figure ; but rather « whether the trend will be " up ", " down ", or " the same " ». Replies from the respondent are usually summarized by the « balance » statistic — a weight average of the percentage replying « up » minus a weighted average of the percentage replying « down ». A weakness of this statistic is that it takes no account of those answering « the same », a response which can reveal a degree of uncertainty on the part of the respondents. An alternative method is to quantify the replies, thereby obtaining an indicator which uses all the Survey information and makes possible a direct comparison between the Survey and the index of industrial production. In this paper we present a model of the second kind using monthly data on French industrial production for the period November 1969 - May 1983. Our analysis reveals that answering practices, in respect of current production, give a good guide to growth of the industrial production index which is only published later. We also consider an assessment of various characteristics of the series measuring expectations about the future. [fre] L'enquête mensuelle de conjoncture dans l'industrie permet de caractériser rapidement et de façon synthétique les appréciations que portent les chefs d'entreprise sur la marche de leur propre affaire et sur ses perspectives d'évolution à court terme. Avec l'indice mensuel de la production industrielle, elle constitue un outil indispensable dans l'établissement d'un diagnostic conjoncturel opératoire. Bien que complémentaires, ces deux sources d'information ne peuvent être rapprochées sans prendre de précautions : les industriels interrogés ne donnent pas d'indications chiffrées précises, mais font état de tendances indiquant une hausse, une baisse ou une stabilité de l'activité observée ou anticipée. Les réponses agrégées sont résumées habituellement en faisant la différence entre les pourcentages d'opinions positives et négatives. Cette méthode présente l'inconvénient de ne pas rendre compte du poids des réponses médianes, qui sont significatives du degré d'incertitude des opinions et appréciations. Une solution alternative consiste à quantifier les réponses sous forme d'un indicateur qui prend en compte toute l'information apportée par l'enquête, afin qu'il soit possible de le confronter directement à un indice quantitatif d'activité. Cet article présente un tel modèle de quantification des prévisions de production et son application au cas de la France de novembre 1969 à mai 1983. Tout se passe comme si les responsables interrogés, pour répondre à la question sur la tendance récente de l'activité, comparaient les informations les plus récentes dont ils disposent à ce qui se passait environ un an plus tôt. Une analyse de la qualité des prévisions est ensuite proposée.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Abou & Daniel Szpiro, 1984. "Degré de validité des opinions des chefs d'entreprise pour les prévisions de production," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 7(1), pages 157-170.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1984_num_7_1_983
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1984.983
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1984.983
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    1. Menil, George & Bhalla, Surjit S, 1975. "Direct Measurement of Popular Price Expectations," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 65(11), pages 169-180, March.
    2. Claude Malhomme, 1969. "L'enquête mensuelle de conjoncture auprès des industriels," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 7(1), pages 37-52.
    3. Maryvonne Lemaire, 1977. "Du bon usage de l'indice de la production industrielle," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 91(1), pages 85-89.
    4. Vincent Thollon-Pommerol, 1974. "Les entreprises prévoient difficilement leurs investissements," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 54(1), pages 19-32.
    5. Carlson, John A & Parkin, J Michael, 1975. "Inflation Expectations," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 42(166), pages 123-138, May.
    6. Batchelor, R. A., 1982. "Expectations, output and inflation : The European experience," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 1-25.
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