IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/rfreco/rfeco_0769-0479_1996_num_11_2_1006.html

Le calcul usuel des effets du commerce international sur l'emploi : des principes fondamentalement erronés ?

Author

Listed:
  • François Gave

Abstract

[fre] Cet article se propose de réexaminer les principes des calculs traditionnels du nombre d'emplois créés ou détruits par le commerce international dans une économie à prix rigides et à facteurs de production immobiles. Il tente d'abord de montrer que la principale méthode employée à cette fin - la méthode du contenu en emplois de la balance commerciale, dite encore du contenu factoriel des échanges — repose sur un fondement théorique douteux, qui paraît relever, soit d'une interprétation abusive de la théorie néoclassique, soit d'une intuition non justifiée au plan théorique. Puis, il propose une nouvelle forme de calcul des effets du commerce international sur l'emploi, qui s'appuie cette fois explicitement sur un modèle élémentaire de petite économie à deux biens-deux facteurs, avec des facteurs imparfaitement mobiles et des prix des facteurs rigides. Les résultats obtenus différent alors profondément de ceux déduits de la méthode du contenu factoriel des échanges, et apparaissent souvent contraires à l'intuition : le nombre d'emplois détruits ou créés par le commerce international est loin de ne dépendre que des contenus en emplois des échanges commerciaux ; l'accroissement des exportations n'implique plus une hausse des quantités de travail et de capital employés; l'accroissement des importations n'entraîne pas davantage une réduction du volume de travail et de capital employés. De nouvelles pistes de réflexion semblent ainsi s'ouvrir, qui devraient permettre, à terme, de mieux calculer l'impact du commerce international sur l'emploi. [eng] How many jobs are created or destroyed by international trade in a given economy? This article argues that the conventional method used to answer this question — the so- called "factor content of trade" method — is basically wrong: it seems theoretically inconsistent; and it is likely to lead to dubious estimations of the impact of international trade on employment. Accordingly, a reassessment of this impact is suggested in the familiar framework of a simple two- goods/ two factors model, the results of which seem strikingly different from those obtained from conventional calculations (even in their most sophisticated versions). A number of theoretical and empirical consequences follow from those results.

Suggested Citation

  • François Gave, 1996. "Le calcul usuel des effets du commerce international sur l'emploi : des principes fondamentalement erronés ?," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 11(2), pages 111-135.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_1996_num_11_2_1006
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.1996.1006
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.1996.1006
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/rfeco.1996.1006
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/rfeco_0769-0479_1996_num_11_2_1006
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/rfeco.1996.1006?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Richard A. Brecher, 1974. "Minimum Wage Rates and the Pure Theory of International Trade," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 88(1), pages 98-116.
    2. Wood, Adrian, 1991. "How Much Does Trade with the South Affect Workers in the North?," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 6(1), pages 19-36, January.
    3. Adrian Wood, 1997. "How Trade Hurt Unskilled Workers," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Jitendralal Borkakoti & Chris Milner (ed.), International Trade and Labour Markets, chapter 7, pages 140-168, Palgrave Macmillan.
    4. Paul Krugman, 1995. "Growing World Trade: Causes and Consequences," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 26(1, 25th A), pages 327-377.
    5. Krugman, Paul R., 2000. "Technology, trade and factor prices," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 51-71, February.
    6. Richard B. Freeman, 1995. "Are Your Wages Set in Beijing?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 9(3), pages 15-32, Summer.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Eckel, Carsten, 2003. "Labor market adjustments to globalization: unemployment versus relative wages," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 173-188, August.
    2. Stéphane Guimbert & François Lévy-Bruhl, 2002. "La situation de l'emploi en France face aux échanges internationaux," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 152(1), pages 189-206.
    3. Lars Calmfors & Giancarlo Corsetti & Michael P. Devereux & Gilles Saint-Paul & Hans-Werner Sinn & Jan-Egbert Sturm & Xavier Vives, 2008. "Chapter 3: The effect of globalisation on Western European jobs: curse or blessing?," EEAG Report on the European Economy, CESifo, vol. 0, pages 71-104, February.
    4. Jean-François Fagnart & Marc Fleurbaey, 2002. "Concurrence des pays à bas salaires, répartition des revenus et rigidités salariales," Economie & Prévision, La Documentation Française, vol. 0(1), pages 1-15.
    5. Patrick Artus, 2006. "Intégration commerciale avec des pays émergents ayant des ressources importantes en main-d'œuvre qualifiée. Quels effets pour les pays européens ?," Revue économique, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 57(4), pages 673-704.
    6. repec:eee:labchp:v:3:y:1999:i:pb:p:2215-2288 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Peter Huber & Helmut Hofer, 2001. "Teilprojekt 9: Auswirkungen der EU-Erweiterung auf den österreichischen Arbeitsmarkt," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 19839.
    8. Donald R. Davis, 1996. "Does European Unemployment Prop Up American Wages?," Harvard Institute of Economic Research Working Papers 1752, Harvard - Institute of Economic Research.
    9. Berthold, Norbert & Stettes, Oliver, 2000. "Globalisierung und Strukturwandel - droht das Ende des Sozialstaates," Discussion Paper Series 35, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Chair of Economic Order and Social Policy.
    10. J.E. Haskel & M.J. Slaughter, 1998. "Does the Sector Bias of Skill-Biased Technical Change Explain Changing Wage Inequality?," Working Papers 386, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
    11. Vesna Stavrevska, 2011. "The efficiency wages perspective to wage rigidity in the open economy: a survey," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 32(3), pages 273-299, June.
    12. Robert Feenstra & Gordon Hanson, 2001. "Global Production Sharing and Rising Inequality: A Survey of Trade and Wages," NBER Working Papers 8372, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Hayter, Susan., 2005. "The social dimension of global production systems : a review of the issues," ILO Working Papers 993749973402676, International Labour Organization.
    14. Jonathan E. Haskel, 2000. "Trade and Labor Approaches to Wage Inequality," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 8(3), pages 397-408, August.
    15. Jeff Borland, 2000. "Economic Explanations of Earnings Distribution Trends in the International Literature and Application to New Zealand," Treasury Working Paper Series 00/16, New Zealand Treasury.
    16. Fitzenberger, Bernd, 1996. "Wages, prices, and international trade: Trends across industries for an "export champion"," Discussion Papers, Series II 323, University of Konstanz, Collaborative Research Centre (SFB) 178 "Internationalization of the Economy".
    17. Udo Kreickemeier & Douglas Nelson, 2017. "Fair Wages, Unemployment, and Technological Change in a Global Economy," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: International Trade and Labor Markets Welfare, Inequality and Unemployment, chapter 8, pages 205-235, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    18. repec:ilo:ilowps:374997 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Olivier Cortès & Sébastien Jean, 1997. "Quel est l'impact du commerce extérieur sur la productivité et l'emploi ?," Working Papers 1997-08, CEPII research center.
    20. Upward, Richard & Wang, Zheng & Zheng, Jinghai, 2013. "Weighing China’s export basket: The domestic content and technology intensity of Chinese exports," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 527-543.
    21. Paul Segerstrom & Elias Dinopoulos, 1999. "A Schumpeterian Model of Protection and Relative Wages," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(3), pages 450-472, June.
    22. Robert Z. Lawrence & Lawrence Edward, 2010. "US Trade and Wages: The Misleading Implications of Conventional Trade Theory," Working Paper Series WP10-9, Peterson Institute for International Economics.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_1996_num_11_2_1006. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/rfeco .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.