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Le rôle des marchés dans la transformation à long terme de l'agriculture ouest-africaine

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  • Jean-Marc Pradelle
  • Serge Snrech

Abstract

[fre] L'agriculture africaine est aujourd'hui au milieu d'un processus qui la mène d'une situation dominée par l'autoconsom- mation et les rationalités associées : minimisation des risques, faiblesse de l'investissement en capital, priorité à la diversification - vers une agriculture plus diversifiée, plus intensive et mieux intégrée à l'économie. Si le développement des cultures d'exportation constitue l'aspect le plus spectaculaire de cette évolution, la principale transformation est pourtant liée à l'urbanisation, qui crée une demande intérieure marchande en amorçant la division interne du travail entre agriculteurs et non agriculteurs. C'est de cette division du travail que devrait, dans les prochaines décennies, provenir la part la plus significative de la croissance agricole, les marchés d'exportation ayant un avenir plus incertain. Les marchés mondiaux perturbent cette transition en déversant dans la région leurs rebuts qui concurrencent directement la production vivrière locale, mais aussi la production manufacturée, dont les travailleurs constituent le premier marché potentiel des agriculteurs. [eng] The role of markets in the long term transformation of west african agriculture . African agriculture is presently in the middle of a transformation process, from a situation dominated by self-sufficiency strategies (risk aversion, low capital investment, priority to economic diversification) to a situation where agriculture is more diversified, more intensive and more integrated in the overall economy. Although the most visible part of this transition is the development of export crops, the main factor behind this evolution is urbanization, which gives rise to a local commercial demand for agricultural products, resulting from the local division of labor. Urbanization should provide the largest contribution to agricultural growth in the next decades, as export markets remain uncertain. World markets influence this local division of labor by dumping their unmarketable products in the region. These products compete both with local food and crafts production, the workers of which constitute the principal market of peasants.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Marc Pradelle & Serge Snrech, 1996. "Le rôle des marchés dans la transformation à long terme de l'agriculture ouest-africaine," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 234(1), pages 97-103.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4813
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1996.4813
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1996.4813
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Delgado, Christopher L., 1991. "Cereals protection and agricultural development strategy in the Sahel," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 105-111, April.
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