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The Critical Importance of Careers in Collaborative Scientific Research

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  • Paula E. Stephan
  • Sharon G. Levin

Abstract

[eng] This paper examines why scientific productivity in the United States is often studied at the individual level and often in the context of a career despite evidence that discovery is a collaborative process. We argue that the focus stems in part from a research tradition in the US which places great emphasis on the analysis of individual-level data. It also results from the fact that in the United States in the academic sector, where the majority of research is produced, it is the responsibility of the individual investigator to secure the funding required to support research. The paper also examines major changes at work in the United States which threaten to undermine the way in which the research enterprise operates. [fre] Cet article s'interroge sur les raisons pour lesquelles aux États-Unis la productivité scientifique est le plus souvent étudiée, au niveau des individus et de leur carrière, malgré le fait connu que la découverte est un processus coopératif. Notre hypothèse est que ceci provient d'une tradition aux États-Unis qui met fortement l'accent sur l'analyse de données individuelles. Cela résulte aussi du fait que dans le monde académique aux États-Unis c'est au chercheur individuel qu'incombe la responsabilité de trouver les moyens de financements de la recherche. L'article analyse également les principaux changements à l'oeuvre aux États-Unis qui menacent les modes de fonctionnement des entreprises de recherche aux États-Unis

Suggested Citation

  • Paula E. Stephan & Sharon G. Levin, 1997. "The Critical Importance of Careers in Collaborative Scientific Research," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 79(1), pages 45-61.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_1997_num_79_1_1652
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.1997.1652
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.1997.1652
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    Cited by:

    1. Mulyanto,, 2016. "Productivity of R&D institution: The case of Indonesia," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 78-91.
    2. Mangematin, V., 2000. "PhD job market: professional trajectories and incentives during the PhD," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(6), pages 741-756, June.
    3. Paul A. David & Louise C. Keely, 2003. "The Economics of Scientific Research Coalitions: Collaborative Network Formation in the Presence of Multiple Funding Agencies," Chapters, in: Aldo Geuna & Ammon J. Salter & W. Edward Steinmueller (ed.), Science and Innovation, chapter 8, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    4. Sabatier, Mareva & Chollet, Barthélemy, 2017. "Is there a first mover advantage in science? Pioneering behavior and scientific production in nanotechnology," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 522-533.
    5. Breschi, Stefano & Lissoni, Francesco, 2001. "Knowledge Spillovers and Local Innovation Systems: A Critical Survey," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press, vol. 10(4), pages 975-1005, December.
    6. Carolina Cañibano & Richard Woolley & Eric J. Iversen & Sybille Hinze & Stefan Hornbostel & Jakob Tesch, 2019. "A conceptual framework for studying science research careers," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 44(6), pages 1964-1992, December.
    7. Barry Bozeman & Vincent Mangematin, 2004. "Editor's Introduction: Scientific and Technical Human Capital," Post-Print hal-00424506, HAL.
    8. Valentina Tartari & Francesco Di Lorenzo & Benjamin A. Campbell, 2020. "“Another roof, another proof”: the impact of mobility on individual productivity in science," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 45(1), pages 276-303, February.
    9. Gonzalez-Brambila, Claudia N. & Veloso, Francisco M. & Krackhardt, David, 2013. "The impact of network embeddedness on research output," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(9), pages 1555-1567.
    10. Sabharwal, Meghna & Hu, Qian, 2013. "Participation in university-based research centers: Is it helping or hurting researchers?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(6), pages 1301-1311.
    11. Bozeman, Barry & Mangematin, Vincent, 2004. "Editor's introduction: building and deploying scientific and technical human capital," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 565-568, May.
    12. Réjean Landry & Nabil Amara & Mathieu Ouimet, 2007. "Determinants of knowledge transfer: evidence from Canadian university researchers in natural sciences and engineering," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 32(6), pages 561-592, December.
    13. Corsini, Alberto & Pezzoni, Michele & Visentin, Fabiana, 2022. "What makes a productive Ph.D. student?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(10).
    14. Carayol, Nicolas & Matt, Mireille, 2004. "Does research organization influence academic production?: Laboratory level evidence from a large European university," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(8), pages 1081-1102, October.
    15. Claudia N. Gonzalez-Brambila, 2014. "Social capital in academia," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 101(3), pages 1609-1625, December.
    16. Sofia Patsali & Michele Pezzoni & Fabiana Visentin, 2021. "The Impact of Research Independence on PhD Students' Careers: Large-scale Evidence from France," GREDEG Working Papers 2021-35, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France.
    17. James S. Dietz & Ivan Chompalov & Barry Bozeman & Eliesh O'Neil Lane & Jongwon Park, 2000. "Using the Curriculum Vita to Study the Career Paths of Scientists and Engineers: An Exploratory Assessment," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 49(3), pages 419-442, November.
    18. Nicolas Carayol, 2003. "The incentive properties of the Matthew Effect in the academic competition," Working Papers of BETA 2003-11, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    19. Liliane Bonnal & Jean-Francois Giret, 2010. "Determinants of access to academic careers in France," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(5), pages 437-458.

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