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Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Author

Listed:
  • Dan Liao
  • Liang Ma
  • Jing Liu
  • Ping Fu

Abstract

Background: Observational studies suggested that tobacco smoking was associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the results were conflicting and inconsistent. In the study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between tobacco smoking and the development of DN. Materials and methods: We searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) from database inception until Mar 8, 2018, and updated our search on May 1, 2018. We screened the reference lists of the retrieved articles. Only original prospective cohort studies which have investigated the association between smoking and DN incidence or its progression were included. Pooled HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Results: A total of 9 prospective cohort studies were identified, including more than 203337 participants. Compared with those of no smoking, smoking participants increased the risk of developing DN (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.13, P = 0.01). The subgroup analysis showed that the current and total smoking may increase the risk of DN, but these results did not reach statistical significance (current: HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 0.79–3.64, p = 0.17; total: HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.97–1.41, p = 0.10), whereas former smoking significantly increased the risk of DN (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03–1.05, p

Suggested Citation

  • Dan Liao & Liang Ma & Jing Liu & Ping Fu, 2019. "Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(2), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0210213
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210213
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    1. Myron F. Goodman, 2018. "Smoking gun for a rare mutation mechanism," Nature, Nature, vol. 554(7691), pages 180-181, February.
    2. Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, 2010. "Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 36(i03).
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    1. Long Cong Nguyen & Nga Thu Hoang & Nghia Van Luu & Ngoan Tran Le, 2021. "Time Trend and Premature Death Due to Diabetes Mortality in a Disadvantage Mountainous Province of Viet Nam From 2005 To 2018," Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, Biomedical Research Network+, LLC, vol. 39(5), pages 31751-31758, November.

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