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Impact of residential displacement on healthcare access and mental health among original residents of gentrifying neighborhoods in New York City

Author

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  • Sungwoo Lim
  • Pui Ying Chan
  • Sarah Walters
  • Gretchen Culp
  • Mary Huynh
  • L Hannah Gould

Abstract

Objectives: As gentrification continues in New York City as well as other urban areas, residents of lower socioeconomic status maybe at higher risk for residential displacement. Yet, there have been few quantitative assessments of the health impacts of displacement. The objective of this paper is to assess the association between displacement and healthcare access and mental health among the original residents of gentrifying neighborhoods in New York City. Methods: We used 2 data sources: 1) 2005–2014 American Community Surveys to identify gentrifying neighborhoods in New York City, and 2) 2006–2014 Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. Our cohort included 12,882 residents of gentrifying neighborhoods in 2006 who had records of emergency department visits or hospitalization at least once every 2 years in 2006–2014. Rates of emergency department visits and hospitalizations post-baseline were compared between residents who were displaced and those who remained. Results: During 2006–2014, 23% were displaced. Compared with those who remained, displaced residents were more likely to make emergency department visits and experience hospitalizations, mainly due to mental health (Rate Ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.5, 2.2), after controlling for baseline demographics, health status, healthcare utilization, residential movement, and the neighborhood of residence in 2006. Conclusions: These findings suggest negative impacts of displacement on healthcare access and mental health, particularly among adults living in urban areas and with a history of frequent emergency department visits or hospitalizations.

Suggested Citation

  • Sungwoo Lim & Pui Ying Chan & Sarah Walters & Gretchen Culp & Mary Huynh & L Hannah Gould, 2017. "Impact of residential displacement on healthcare access and mental health among original residents of gentrifying neighborhoods in New York City," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(12), pages 1-12, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0190139
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190139
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fussell, Elizabeth & Lowe, Sarah R., 2014. "The impact of housing displacement on the mental health of low-income parents after Hurricane Katrina," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 137-144.
    2. Krieger, J. & Higgins, D.L., 2002. "Housing and health: Time again for public health action," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 92(5), pages 758-768.
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    2. Nrupen A Bhavsar & Manish Kumar & Laura Richman, 2020. "Defining gentrification for epidemiologic research: A systematic review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(5), pages 1-24, May.
    3. O'Neill, Ella & Cole, Helen V.S. & García-Lamarca, Melissa & Anguelovski, Isabelle & Gullón, Pedro & Triguero-Mas, Margarita, 2023. "The right to the unhealthy deprived city: An exploration into the impacts of state-led redevelopment projects on the determinants of mental health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    4. Shadi O. Tehrani & Shuling J. Wu & Jennifer D. Roberts, 2019. "The Color of Health: Residential Segregation, Light Rail Transit Developments, and Gentrification in the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-19, September.
    5. Alexandra Mendoza-Graf & Rebecca L Collins & Madhumita Ghosh Dastidar & Robin Beckman & Gerald P Hunter & Wendy M Troxel & Tamara Dubowitz, 2023. "Changes in psychosocial wellbeing over a five-year period in two predominantly Black Pittsburgh neighbourhoods: A comparison between gentrifying and non-gentrifying census tracts," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 60(6), pages 1139-1157, May.
    6. Joshua F. Ceñido & C. Freeman & Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, 2019. "Environmental Interventions for Physical and Mental Health: Challenges and Opportunities for Greater Los Angeles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-14, June.
    7. Montserrat Zayas-Costa & Helen V. S. Cole & Isabelle Anguelovski & James J. T. Connolly & Xavier Bartoll & Margarita Triguero-Mas, 2021. "Mental Health Outcomes in Barcelona: The Interplay between Gentrification and Greenspace," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-19, September.
    8. Na’Taki Osborne Jelks & Viniece Jennings & Alessandro Rigolon, 2021. "Green Gentrification and Health: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-23, January.
    9. Jacques- Aviñó, Constanza & Peralta, Andrés & Carrere, Juli & Marí-Dell'Olmo, Marc & Benach, Joan & López, María-José, 2022. "Qualitative evaluation of an intervention to reduce energy poverty: Effects perceived by participants according to typologies of social vulnerability," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    10. Sánchez-Ledesma, Esther & Vásquez-Vera, Hugo & Sagarra, Natàlia & Peralta, Andrés & Porthé, Victoria & Díez, Èlia, 2020. "Perceived pathways between tourism gentrification and health: A participatory Photovoice study in the Gòtic neighborhood in Barcelona," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    11. Silva, José Pedro & Santos, Cláudia Jardim & Torres, Ema & Martínez-Manrique, Lucía & Barros, Henrique & Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, 2023. "A double-edged sword: Residents’ views on the health consequences of gentrification in Porto, Portugal," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    12. Fanlei Kong & Lingzhong Xu & Mei Kong & Shixue Li & Chengchao Zhou & Jiajia Li & Long Sun & Wenzhe Qin, 2019. "The Relationship between Socioeconomic Status, Mental Health, and Need for Long-Term Services and Supports among the Chinese Elderly in Shandong Province—A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-19, February.
    13. H. Shellae Versey & Serene Murad & Paul Willems & Mubarak Sanni, 2019. "Beyond Housing: Perceptions of Indirect Displacement, Displacement Risk, and Aging Precarity as Challenges to Aging in Place in Gentrifying Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-21, November.

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