Women’s empowerment: new paradigm shift in Saudi women’s decision-making and choice of university majors

This study investigated the factors influencing women’s university major choices in light of empowerment reforms and identified key policies reshaping their academic and career trajectories. It also explored the capabilities needed to align women’s education with the evolving Saudi economy, ensuring their active participation in national development. Qualitative data were collected by interviewing 26 women (comprising graduates, students, and faculty members). Data were analysed through a two-phase coding process, identifying major themes and ensuring credibility through triangulation, member checking, rich description, and external auditing. Findings revealed that social, cultural, and economic factors have significantly influenced women’s choices. Legislation, including harassment and anti-discrimination laws, has played a major role in broadening their academic opportunities and positively influencing women’s choices. However, geographical disparities persist; women in small cities, despite awareness of empowerment policies, often face societal pressures limiting their choices. Key strategies to bridge this gap include volunteering initiatives in schools, diversity in hiring practices, and expanding digital education platforms to provide greater access to knowledge and career opportunities. While digital transformation enhances learning, it does not fully address workplace diversity challenges.