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Wherein Lies the Benefit of the Second Referee in the NHL?

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  • Craig A. Depken, Ii
  • Dennis P. Wilson

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of the second referee in the National Hockey League, including the indirect impact of the second referee on in-arena attendance and national television audiences. During the 1998--1999 and 1999--2000 seasons, the second referee improved scoring, reduced fighting and penalty minutes but had no measurable impact on closeness of competition. In-arena attendance, a source of non-shared revenue for team owners, was not influenced by improved scoring or reduced fighting. On the other hand, national television viewership increased with expected scoring. The empirical results allow for an initial comparison of the benefits and costs of the second referees to the league. While it seems unlikely that any team would have unilaterally paid for all of the second referees, the benefits of the second referee seemed to have outweighed the costs. Therefore, the NHL's decision to introduce a second referee may have solved a free-rider problem while providing profit potential for NHL franchises.

Suggested Citation

  • Craig A. Depken, Ii & Dennis P. Wilson, 2004. "Wherein Lies the Benefit of the Second Referee in the NHL?," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 24(1), pages 51-72, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:revind:v:24:y:2004:i:1:p:51-72
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    Cited by:

    1. Benjamin Leard & Joanne M. Doyle, 2011. "The Effect of Home Advantage, Momentum, and Fighting on Winning in the National Hockey League," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 12(5), pages 538-560, October.
    2. Andrea Albanese & Stijn Baert & Olivier Verstraeten, 2020. "Twelve eyes see more than eight. Referee bias and the introduction of additional assistant referees in soccer," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(2), pages 1-15, February.
    3. Craig A. Depken & Peter A. Groothuis & Mark C. Strazicich, 2020. "Evolution Of Community Deterrence: Evidence From The National Hockey League," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 38(2), pages 289-303, April.
    4. Chan, Ho Fai & Savage, David A. & Torgler, Benno, 2019. "There and back again: Adaptation after repeated rule changes of the game," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 75(PB).
    5. Gregory DeAngelo & Adam Nowak & Imke Reimers, 2018. "Examining Regulatory Capture: Evidence From The Nhl," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 36(1), pages 183-191, January.
    6. Wilson, Dennis P., 2005. "Additional law enforcement as a deterrent to criminal behavior: empirical evidence from the National Hockey League," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 319-330, May.

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