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Water and Carbon Footprint of Wine: Methodology Review and Application to a Case Study

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  • Sara Rinaldi

    (CIRIAF, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 67-06125 Perugia, Italy)

  • Emanuele Bonamente

    (CIRIAF, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 67-06125 Perugia, Italy)

  • Flavio Scrucca

    (CIRIAF, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 67-06125 Perugia, Italy)

  • Maria Cleofe Merico

    (CIRIAF, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 67-06125 Perugia, Italy)

  • Francesco Asdrubali

    (Department of Engineering, University of Roma Tre, Via V. Volterra, 62-00146 Rome, Italy)

  • Franco Cotana

    (CIRIAF, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 67-06125 Perugia, Italy)

Abstract

Life cycle assessments (LCAs) play a strategic role in improving the environmental performance of a company and in supporting a successful marketing communication. The high impact of the food industry on natural resources, in terms of water consumption and greenhouse gases emission, has been focusing the attention of consumers and producers towards environmentally sustainable products. This work presents a comprehensive approach for the joint evaluation of carbon (CF) and water (WF) footprint of the wine industry from a cradle to grave perspective. The LCA analysis is carried out following the requirements of international standards (ISO/TS 14067 and ISO 14046). A complete review of the water footprint methodology is presented and guidelines for all the phases of the evaluation procedure are provided, including acquisition and validation of input data, allocation, application of analytic models, and interpretation of the results. The strength of this approach is the implementation of a side-by-side CF vs. WF assessment, based on the same system boundaries, functional unit, and input data, that allows a reliable comparison between the two indicators. In particular, a revised methodology is presented for the evaluation of the grey water component. The methodology was applied to a white and a red wine produced in the same company. A comparison between the two products is presented for each LCA phase along with literature results for similar wines.

Suggested Citation

  • Sara Rinaldi & Emanuele Bonamente & Flavio Scrucca & Maria Cleofe Merico & Francesco Asdrubali & Franco Cotana, 2016. "Water and Carbon Footprint of Wine: Methodology Review and Application to a Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:8:y:2016:i:7:p:621-:d:73248
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    7. Emanuele Bonamente & Lara Pelliccia & Maria Cleofe Merico & Sara Rinaldi & Alessandro Petrozzi, 2015. "The Multifunctional Environmental Energy Tower: Carbon Footprint and Land Use Analysis of an Integrated Renewable Energy Plant," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(10), pages 1-21, October.
    8. Emanuele Bonamente & Flavio Scrucca & Francesco Asdrubali & Franco Cotana & Andrea Presciutti, 2015. "The Water Footprint of the Wine Industry: Implementation of an Assessment Methodology and Application to a Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-19, September.
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    2. Gloria Luzzani & Erica Grandis & Marco Frey & Ettore Capri, 2021. "Blockchain Technology in Wine Chain for Collecting and Addressing Sustainable Performance: An Exploratory Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-17, November.
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    4. Inmaculada Carrasco & Juan Sebastián Castillo-Valero & Carmen Córcoles & Marcos Carchano, 2021. "Greening Wine Exports? Changes in the Carbon Footprint of Spanish Wine Exports," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-13, August.
    5. Lisa Pizzol & Gloria Luzzani & Paolo Criscione & Luca Barro & Carlo Bagnoli & Ettore Capri, 2021. "The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Wine Industry: The Case Study of Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-15, November.
    6. Despoina Dede & Eleni Didaskalou & Sotirios Bersimis & Dimitrios Georgakellos, 2020. "A Statistical Framework for Assessing Environmental Performance of Quality Wine Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-16, December.
    7. Emanuele Bonamente & Sara Rinaldi & Andrea Nicolini & Franco Cotana, 2017. "National Water Footprint: Toward a Comprehensive Approach for the Evaluation of the Sustainability of Water Use in Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-12, August.
    8. Luigi Galletto & Luigino Barisan, 2019. "Carbon Footprint as a Lever for Sustained Competitive Strategy in Developing a Smart Oenology: Evidence from an Exploratory Study in Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-20, March.
    9. Carmen Ferrara & Giovanni De Feo, 2018. "Life Cycle Assessment Application to the Wine Sector: A Critical Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-16, February.
    10. Carlos Andrés Naranjo-Merino & Oscar Orlando Ortíz-Rodriguez & Raquel A. Villamizar-G, 2017. "Assessing Green and Blue Water Footprints in the Supply Chain of Cocoa Production: A Case Study in the Northeast of Colombia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9, December.
    11. Subramaniam, Vijaya & Hashim, Zulkifli & Loh, Soh Kheang & Astimar, Abdul Aziz, 2020. "Assessing water footprint for the oil palm supply chain- a cradle to gate study," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    12. Cano-Rodríguez, Sara & Rubio-Varas, Mar & Sesma-Martín, Diego, 2022. "At the crossroad between green and thirsty: Carbon emissions and water consumption of Spanish thermoelectricity generation, 1969–2019," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    13. Eduardo Borges & Susana Campos & Mário Sérgio Teixeira & Maria Raquel Lucas & Ana Teresa Ferreira-Oliveira & Ana Sofia Rodrigues & Manuela Vaz-Velho, 2023. "How Do Companies Communicate Sustainability? A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-25, May.
    14. Giovanni Sogari & Tommaso Pucci & Barbara Aquilani & Lorenzo Zanni, 2017. "Millennial Generation and Environmental Sustainability: The Role of Social Media in the Consumer Purchasing Behavior for Wine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-16, October.
    15. Anna Pohle & Knut Blind & Dmitry Neustroev, 2018. "The Impact of International Management Standards on Academic Research," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-19, December.
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