IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v17y2025i7p3000-d1622295.html

Reclaiming the Urban Streets: Evaluating Accessibility and Walkability in the City of Hail’s Streetscapes

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammed Mashary Alnaim

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Hail University, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abdelhakim Mesloub

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Hail University, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia)

  • Chaham Alalouch

    (Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman)

  • Emad Noaime

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Hail University, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Over the past two decades, walkability, accessibility, and urban street culture have become major study topics in several areas of contemporary urban research, including urban sustainability, urban economy, healthy cities, and the x-minute city. Due to a plethora of evidence that supports the benefits of an accessible and walkable neighborhood, many countries and cities have put in place urban reform agendas that prioritize accessibility and walkability and promote urban street culture. Saudi Arabia is among those countries, as evidenced by the goals established in Saudi Vision 2030. This study focuses on the City of Hail’s efforts to enhance the walkability of its neighborhoods and the city’s accessibility. This study looks at how the newly constructed pedestrian infrastructure matches people’s expectations and how it influences how people in Hail walk. This study also makes specific suggestions for improvement and identifies ways forward. This study employs a three-fold ‘post-occupancy evaluation’ methodology that includes qualitative interviews, quantitative surveys, and direct observation, focusing on how the community interacts with the new pedestrian streetscapes. This study recommends designing areas in the City of Hail with improved pedestrian rights-of-way, enhancing sidewalk design and continuity, creating pedestrian buffer zones, boosting shade and shelter, and increasing safety and security. The suggested design changes will have the added benefit of strengthening the sense of community of Hail residents while also promoting mixed-use development, which is generally recognized as a more ‘organic’, natural development path that also aligns with Saudi’s heritage architecture, returning Hail’s urban space to its roots. These findings are crucial for shaping city planning in the City of Hail and beyond by emphasizing inclusive strategies that create lively communities where walking is encouraged and enjoyed.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammed Mashary Alnaim & Abdelhakim Mesloub & Chaham Alalouch & Emad Noaime, 2025. "Reclaiming the Urban Streets: Evaluating Accessibility and Walkability in the City of Hail’s Streetscapes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-41, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:7:p:3000-:d:1622295
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/7/3000/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/7/3000/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Reid Ewing & Robert Cervero, 2010. "Travel and the Built Environment," Journal of the American Planning Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 76(3), pages 265-294.
    2. Michael Ryckewaert & Jan Zaman & Sarah De Boeck, 2021. "Variable Arrangements Between Residential and Productive Activities: Conceiving Mixed-Use for Urban Development in Brussels," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 6(3), pages 334-349.
    3. Michael Ryckewaert & Jan Zaman & Sarah De Boeck, 2021. "Variable Arrangements Between Residential and Productive Activities: Conceiving Mixed-Use for Urban Development in Brussels," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 6(3), pages 334-349.
    4. Shima Hamidi & Somayeh Moazzeni, 2019. "Examining the Relationship between Urban Design Qualities and Walking Behavior: Empirical Evidence from Dallas, TX," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-14, May.
    5. Rob Shields & Edmar Joaquim Gomes da Silva & Thiago Lima e Lima & Nathalia Osorio, 2023. "Walkability: a review of trends," Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 19-41, January.
    6. Julian Arellana & María Saltarín & Ana Margarita Larrañaga & Vilma Alvarez & César Augusto Henao, 2020. "Urban walkability considering pedestrians’ perceptions of the built environment: a 10-year review and a case study in a medium-sized city in Latin America," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(2), pages 183-203, March.
    7. Ann Forsyth & Kevin Krizek, 2011. "Urban Design: Is there a Distinctive View from the Bicycle?," Journal of Urban Design, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(04), pages 531-549.
    8. Ivan Blečić & Tanja Congiu & Giovanna Fancello & Giuseppe Andrea Trunfio, 2020. "Planning and Design Support Tools for Walkability: A Guide for Urban Analysts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-18, May.
    9. Hrushowy, Neil James Christopher, 2006. "A Case Study of Pedestrian Space Networks in Two Traditional Urban Neighbourhoods, Copenhagen, Denmark," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt8m67n55j, University of California Transportation Center.
    10. Gil Solá, Ana & Vilhelmson, Bertil & Larsson, Anders, 2018. "Understanding sustainable accessibility in urban planning: Themes of consensus, themes of tension," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 1-10.
    11. Rokicki, Bartlomiej & Stępniak, Marcin, 2018. "Major transport infrastructure investment and regional economic development – An accessibility-based approach," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 36-49.
    12. Monika Maria Cysek-Pawlak & Marek Pabich, 2021. "Walkability – the New Urbanism principle for urban regeneration," Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(4), pages 409-433, October.
    13. Elmira Jamei & Khatereh Ahmadi & Hing Wah Chau & Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian & Ben Horan & Alex Stojcevski, 2021. "Urban Design and Walkability: Lessons Learnt from Iranian Traditional Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-14, May.
    14. Steurer, Miriam & Bayr, Caroline, 2020. "Measuring urban sprawl using land use data," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    15. Francesca Abastante & Isabella M. Lami & Luigi La Riccia & Marika Gaballo, 2020. "Supporting Resilient Urban Planning through Walkability Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-20, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li Li & Yongjian Wu & Jin Zhang, 2025. "Bridging Heritage Conservation and Urban Sustainability: A Multidimensional Coupling Framework for Walkability, Greening, and Cultural Heritage in the Historic City of Shenyang," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-19, June.
    2. Emad Noaime & Chaham Alalouch & Abdelhakim Mesloub & Haifa Hamdoun & Hela Gnaba & Mohammed Mashary Alnaim, 2025. "Urban Centrality as a Catalyst for City Resilience and Sustainable Development," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-35, June.
    3. Mariana Huskinson & Álvaro Bernabeu-Bautista & Michele Campagna & Leticia Serrano-Estrada, 2025. "Co-Designing Accessible Urban Public Spaces Through Geodesign: A Case Study of Alicante, Spain," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-26, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Singleton, Patrick A. & Park, Keunhyun & Lee, Doo Hong, 2021. "Varying influences of the built environment on daily and hourly pedestrian crossing volumes at signalized intersections estimated from traffic signal controller event data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    2. Regine Gerike & Caroline Koszowski & Bettina Schröter & Ralph Buehler & Paul Schepers & Johannes Weber & Rico Wittwer & Peter Jones, 2021. "Built Environment Determinants of Pedestrian Activities and Their Consideration in Urban Street Design," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-21, August.
    3. Mohammad Hamed Abdi & Ali Soltani, 2022. "Which Fabric/Scale Is Better for Transit-Oriented Urban Design: Case Studies in a Developing Country," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-22, June.
    4. He, Xuan & He, Sylvia Y., 2025. "How does the effect of walkability on walking behavior vary with the time of day? A study of Shenzhen, China," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    5. Arellana, Julián & Saltarín, María & Larrañaga, Ana Margarita & González, Virginia I. & Henao, César Augusto, 2020. "Developing an urban bikeability index for different types of cyclists as a tool to prioritise bicycle infrastructure investments," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 310-334.
    6. Gan, Zuoxian & Yang, Min & Zeng, Qingcheng & Timmermans, Harry J.P., 2021. "Associations between built environment, perceived walkability/bikeability and metro transfer patterns," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 171-187.
    7. Dohyung Kim & Yongjin Ahn & Simon Choi & Kwangkoo Kim, 2016. "Sustainable Mobility: Longitudinal Analysis of Built Environment on Transit Ridership," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-14, October.
    8. Lorea Mendiola & Pilar González, 2021. "Urban Development and Sustainable Mobility: A Spatial Analysis in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-23, February.
    9. Zhehao Zhang & Thomas Fisher & Haiming Wang, 2023. "Walk Score, Environmental Quality and Walking in a Campus Setting," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-19, March.
    10. Umer Mansoor & Mohammad Tamim Kashifi & Fazal Rehman Safi & Syed Masiur Rahman, 2022. "A review of factors and benefits of non-motorized transport: a way forward for developing countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 1560-1582, February.
    11. Loo, Becky P.Y., 2021. "Walking towards a happy city," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    12. Fiona Lingenhöle & Andreas Brück & Lech Suwala, 2025. "Berlin Mix (Berliner Mischung) Revisited: An Inventory of Commercial Courtyards," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 10.
    13. Hamid Motieyan & Farnaz Kaviari & Nikrouz Mostofi, 2022. "Quantifying walking capability: a novel aggregated index based on spatial perspective and analyses," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 101(2), pages 483-503, April.
    14. Snizek, Bernhard & Sick Nielsen, Thomas Alexander & Skov-Petersen, Hans, 2013. "Mapping bicyclists’ experiences in Copenhagen," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 227-233.
    15. Zeng, Qian & Wu, Hao & Zhou, Luyao & Huang, Gonghu & Li, Yuting & Dewancker, Bart Julien, 2024. "Toward pedestrian-friendly cities: Nonlinear and interaction effects of building density on pedestrian volume," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    16. Elżbieta Macioszek & Ali Karami & Iman Farzin & Mohammadhossein Abbasi & Amir Reza Mamdoohi & Cristiana Piccioni, 2022. "The Effect of Distance Intervals on Walking Likelihood in Different Trip Purposes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-17, March.
    17. Guzman, Luis A. & Peña, Javier & Carrasco, Juan Antonio, 2020. "Assessing the role of the built environment and sociodemographic characteristics on walking travel distances in Bogotá," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    18. Liang, Zheng & Lo, Hong K. & Ng, Ka Fai & Axhausen, Kay W., 2025. "On measuring walking accessibility: A link-based utility approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    19. Lu, Heli & Lu, Siqi & Li, Huan & Cao, Liang & Han, Zongran & Liu, Fang & Zhang, Chuanrong & Miao, Changhong & Zhang, Xiaoye, 2025. "Estimation of high-resolution emissions using functionally-filtered nighttime lights in monocentric and polycentric cities: Fusion of remotely sensed human activities and social media data for carbon neutral settlements," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 401(PA).
    20. Anna Visvizi & Shahira Assem Abdel-Razek & Roman Wosiek & Radosław Malik, 2021. "Conceptualizing Walking and Walkability in the Smart City through a Model Composite w 2 Smart City Utility Index," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-20, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:7:p:3000-:d:1622295. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.