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Construction and Variation Analysis of Comprehensive Climate Indicators for Winter Wheat in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China

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  • Chang Liu

    (Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
    School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jie Hu

    (Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Lei Wang

    (Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China)

  • Ming Li

    (Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China)

  • Wenyi Xie

    (Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China)

  • Yining Zhu

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China)

  • Ruijie Che

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China)

  • Lianxi Wang

    (School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Jing Hua

    (Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China)

  • Jian Wang

    (Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China)

Abstract

Under the global climate change, variations in climatic elements such as temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration significantly impact the growth, development, and yield formation of winter wheat. A precise understanding of the impact of climate change on winter wheat growth and the scientific use of meteorological resources are crucial for ensuring food security, optimizing agricultural planting structures and agricultural sustainability. This study uses statistical methods and focuses on the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, utilizing data from 25 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2010 and winter wheat yield data from 1978 to 2010. Twelve refined indicators encompassing temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration were constructed. Path analysis was employed to determine their weights, establishing a comprehensive climate indicator model. Results indicate: Temperature indicators in the region show an upward trend, with accumulated temperature of the whole growth period increasing at a rate of 61.1 °C·d/10a. Precipitation indicators reveal precipitation of the whole growth period rising at 3.9 mm/10a and pre-winter precipitation increasing at 4.2 mm/10a. Sunshine duration exhibits a declining trend, decreasing at 72.7 h/10a during the whole growth period. Comprehensive climate indicators decrease from south to north, with the southwest region exhibiting the highest tendency rate (18.41), while the central and southern regions show greater variability. This study provides scientific basis for optimizing winter wheat planting patterns and rational utilization of climate resources in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. It recommends prioritizing cultivation in western southern Hebei and improving water conditions in the central and northern areas through irrigation technology to support sustainable crop production.

Suggested Citation

  • Chang Liu & Jie Hu & Lei Wang & Ming Li & Wenyi Xie & Yining Zhu & Ruijie Che & Lianxi Wang & Jing Hua & Jian Wang, 2025. "Construction and Variation Analysis of Comprehensive Climate Indicators for Winter Wheat in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:20:p:9054-:d:1770008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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