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Resource Utilization Enhancement and Life Cycle Assessment of Mangosteen Peel Powder Production

Author

Listed:
  • Alisa Soontornwat

    (Department of Food Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand)

  • Zenisha Shrestha

    (Department of Food Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand)

  • Thunyanat Hutangkoon

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10502, Thailand)

  • Jarotwan Koiwanit

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10502, Thailand)

  • Samak Rakmae

    (Department of Food Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand)

  • Pimpen Pornchaloempong

    (Department of Food Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand)

Abstract

In alignment with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and 13 (Climate Action), this research explores the sustainable valorization of mangosteen peels into mangosteen peel powder (MPP), a value-added product with pharmaceutical properties. Mangosteen peels are an abundant agricultural waste in Thailand. This study evaluates six MPP production schemes, each employing different drying methods. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is utilized to assess the global warming potential (GWP) of these schemes, and the quality of the MPP produced is also compared. The results show that a combination of frozen storage and freeze-drying (scheme 4) has the highest GWP (1091.897 kgCO 2 eq) due to substantial electricity usage, whereas a combination of frozen storage and sun-drying (scheme 5) has the lowest GWP (0.031 kgCO 2 eq) but is prone to microbial contamination. Frozen storage without coarse grinding, combined with hot-air drying (scheme 6), is identified as the optimal scheme in terms of GWP (11.236 kgCO 2 eq) and product quality. Due to the lack of an onsite hot-air-drying facility, two transportation strategies are integrated into scheme 6 for scenarios A and B. These transportation strategies include transporting mangosteen peels from orchards to a facility in another province or transporting a mobile hot-air-drying unit to the orchards. The analysis indicates that scenario B is more favorable both operationally and environmentally, due to its lower emissions. This research is the first to comparatively assess the GWP of different MPP production schemes using LCA. Furthermore, it aligns with the growing trend in international trade which places greater emphasis on environmentally friendly production processes.

Suggested Citation

  • Alisa Soontornwat & Zenisha Shrestha & Thunyanat Hutangkoon & Jarotwan Koiwanit & Samak Rakmae & Pimpen Pornchaloempong, 2025. "Resource Utilization Enhancement and Life Cycle Assessment of Mangosteen Peel Powder Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-22, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:14:p:6423-:d:1701032
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jean de Dieu Marcel Ufitikirezi & Martin Filip & Mohammad Ghorbani & Tomáš Zoubek & Pavel Olšan & Roman Bumbálek & Miroslav Strob & Petr Bartoš & Sandra Nicole Umurungi & Yves Theoneste Murindangabo &, 2024. "Agricultural Waste Valorization: Exploring Environmentally Friendly Approaches to Bioenergy Conversion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-24, April.
    2. El Hage, Hicham & Herez, Amal & Ramadan, Mohamad & Bazzi, Hassan & Khaled, Mahmoud, 2018. "An investigation on solar drying: A review with economic and environmental assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 815-829.
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